基于全寿命的桥梁设计主要过程研究

基于全寿命理论,对桥梁设计主要阶段、主要过程及其工作内容等进行介绍分析,经实践证明,基于全寿命的桥梁设计方法能够满足可持续发展和环境保护的要求。     

横向磁通电机各相独立控制策略研究

本文分析了横向磁通各相异性的特点,提出了不同于传统三相矢量控制的控制方法,即三角函数法各相独立控制。分析了各相独立控制的原理,建立了数学模型,并与传统控制方法进行了对比仿真,仿真结果表明:三角函数法各相独立控制能很好的平衡各相电流,控制策略优于传统方法。     

有限状态机在列车解编顺序中的应用

在编组站机车作业安排过程中,列车的晚点、待取乍辆的缺少、待出发列车的时间紧急等都会要求机车在解体列车时按需而行,而不是按列车到达的顺序依次解体。这就要求在编制车站计划时实现合理的到达列车的解体顺序。运用有限状态机模拟机车动态,输入计划列车到达、出发信息、现车信息推算机车任务,决策现场作业顺序,辅助调度员做好调车作业计划。     

The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements

In order to assess sustainability of products and processes, different methodologies have been developed and used in the last years. In the road pavement construction area, most methodologies used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essentially focused in the construction phase. The present paper analyses the importance of the use phase of a road in the LCA of different paving alternatives, namely by evaluating energy consumption and gaseous emissions throughout the road pavement’s life. Therefore, a new LCA methodology for road pavements was developed, and the results of its application to a case study involving the construction of alternative pavement structures are discussed. The study intends to assess the influence of using more sustainable paving construction alternatives (asphalt recycling vs. conventional asphalt mixtures), and/or different surface course materials (which have a higher influence on the rolling resistance and, therefore, affect the performance during the use phase). The LCA results obtained for this case study showed that the reductions in energy consumption and gaseous emissions obtained during the use phase, for pavement alternatives with a lower rolling resistance surface course, are higher than the total amount of energy consumption and gas emissions produced during construction. It is therefore clear that some improvements in the characteristics of the surface course may have an effect over the road use phase that will rapidly balance the initial costs and gas emissions of those interventions. The LCA results obtained also showed that the sustainability of pavement construction may also be improved using recycled asphalt mixtures.     

Analysis of energy consumption of food transit in an urban agglomeration in Poland

The paper presents the results of research on operational energy consumption of a vehicle in conditions of urban transit in Poland. An important role in Intelligent Transportation Systems in the road transport is played by transit in urban agglomerations. The analysis was based on the use of telemetry systems and statistical analysis of the waveform of digital speed recording. The resulting empirical cumulative distribution functions of phases of acceleration and deceleration speeds allowed to determine the kinetic losses of the vehicle (fuel consumption). The statistical significance of differences between cumulative distribution functions was tested using the Smirnov–Kolmogorov test.     

基于曲率相似性的路面连续纵长裂缝匹配方法

车载相机拍摄得到的路面裂缝形状分布随机,且由于视场角有限每次只能拍摄到道路上纵向长裂缝的一部分,导致纵长裂缝检测不完整。利用逆透视变换方法将车载相机采集的道路前方倾斜图像转化成正射图像,以去除纵长裂缝图像的透视变形;采用深度学习中的语义分割网络Deeplab V3+实现裂缝像素的提取;在此基础上,提出基于曲率相似性的由粗到精的两阶段路面连续纵长裂缝匹配方法。将待匹配的裂缝曲线分割为一连串相互重叠的子曲线序列,相互匹配的子曲线即为裂缝曲线相匹配的部分;利用曲率将子曲线局部形状与走势的特征表达为描述符,使用Kd-tree最邻近匹配算法对曲线描述符进行快速粗匹配。根据连续2张道路图像中纵长裂缝在空间位置分布上延续的特征,在裂缝曲线分割成子曲线时添加约束条件,前1张图像中裂缝曲线的起点和后1张图像中裂缝曲线的终点分别作为各自子曲线的1个端点;在粗匹配结果的基础上,逐步缩小分割曲线的间隔,迭代提高子曲线描述符间的归一化互相关系数,直至其大于等于阈值或者迭代次数超出最大迭代次数,实现对粗匹配结果的精调整。为验证算法精度,以武汉大学校园内路面不同类型的连续纵长裂缝为对象开展实验,匹配结果误差最小为0.688像素,精调整的误差比粗匹配平均减小24.19%。为进一步验证噪声下干扰的稳定性,仿真环境下增加了裂纹像素噪声;当高斯噪声的标准差从0增大到2像素时,匹配结果误差仅增大了1.083像素。将所提方法与SIFT算法进行对比,10组实验中,所提方法都能匹配成功;而SIFT算法在其中2组实验中匹配结果完全错误,表明所提算法有较好稳定性。     

魏源变革清代法制的思想

魏源变革清代法制的思想,是其改革思想的重要组成部分。他对清代皇权专断和法制现状的批判、超越同代知识分子的变易观、对改革严刑峻法的思考和对西方民主制度的理解与向往,是其变革清代法制思想的主要内容。这些思想不但闪耀着鲜明的时代特色,而且对同代人和后世都产生较大影响。     

重庆寸滩三期工程平面二维水流数值模拟

运用沿平均水深平面二维浅水方程,采用贴体正交曲线坐标,建立水流数学模型,模拟了重庆寸滩三期工程河段水流条件并根据实测资料进行流速流向过程、流速分布的验证,计算结果表明,二维浅水方程能较好地模拟工程河段河道水流流场。     

随机条件下单点交叉口信号配时优化

分析了信号交叉口交通流的随机特性, 根据与期望排队长度相关的相位机动车排队长度偏差指标, 考虑不同相位的权重因素, 建立了交叉口信号配时优化模型, 研究了相位清空可靠度与周期时长和相位绿灯时间的定量关系。对模型进行了确定性转化, 并以两相位信号交叉口为例进行了算例试验分析。计算结果表明: 交通流到达率的方差从0增加到350 pcu.s^-1时, 周期时长将从50 s增加到232 s, 且到达率方差较大的相位需要更多的绿灯时间; 排队长度由4 pcu增加到30 pcu时, 相位清空可靠度仅从0.712增加到0.884。可见交通流到达率的随机特性对交叉口信号配时参数的设置影响明显, 模型正确。     

中国的社会转型与经济伦理的主体困境

中国的社会转型致使社会价值取向上出现了两种强势价值观并存的状况。一方面,经济体制的转变使得经济至上主义在商业技术社会中得以确立。另一方面,传统的官本位思想并没有因此受到根本性的冲击。受这两种价值观的影响,中国社会的经济伦理在道德主体层面遭遇了困境。劳动者职业道德观念淡漠,企业责任意识缺失,政府不能有效履行其职能。惟有破除经济至上主义和官本位思想,摆脱这些困境,中国的市场经济才能持续、快速、健康地发展。