水泥混凝土吸收相变材料的影响因素研究

为了研究水泥混凝土吸收相变材料（PCM）的影响因素,通过借鉴混凝土吸收常数K的测定方法和自行设计的室内吸收试验,以混凝土对PCM的吸收常数K和吸收深度作为评价指标,研究分析了混凝土水化龄期、试验温度、浸入时间、水泥混凝土内部结构、PCM的粘度、PCM的极性,以及氢键对吸收过程的影响.结果表明：混凝土吸收PCM是一个复杂的过程;混凝土对PCM的吸收量随时间的增加最终将趋于一个稳定状态;混凝土中的凝胶孔、毛细孔或者其他开口孔隙、裂缝等的都会影响其对PCM的吸收;PCM的粘度越小越利于被混凝土吸收;氢键的存在阻碍混凝土对PCM的吸收;试验温度和水泥混凝土试块龄期间接影响了混凝土对PCM的吸收.     

锁相环频率合成器相位噪声改善方法研究

介绍单环锁相环频率合成器的结构,详细分析了锁相环相位噪声特性,提出了锁相环相位噪声的改善措施,并由此引出了对目前比较常用且能有效降低相位噪声的锁相频率合成器结构的分析与研究。阐述了这些频率合成器的结构,比较了它们的优缺点。为工程应用提供了一些有价值的参考。     

磁性天线数字化全向图合成方案设计*

为了解决磁天线接收信号存在盲区的问题,提出一种可以用希尔伯特滤波器来完成的宽带甚低频水下通信全向接收新方法,完成数字化全向接收的理论推导。在未知信号载波频率的条件下,可实现对信号进行宽带移向,从而完成磁性天线数字化全向合成。仿真结果表明,设计方案合理可行,可用于宽频带信号全向天线的数字化合成。     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of pedestrian phase patterns at signalized intersections: a multi‐objective approach

This paper presents a multi‐objective optimization model and its solution algorithm for optimization of pedestrian phase patterns, including the exclusive pedestrian phase (EPP) and the conventional two‐way crossing (TWC) at an intersection. The proposed model will determine the optimal pedestrian phase pattern and the corresponding signal timings at an intersection to best accommodate both vehicular traffic and pedestrian movements. The proposed model is unique with respect to the following three critical features: (1) proposing an unbiased performance index for comparison of EPP and TWC by explicitly modeling the pedestrian delay under the control of TWC and EPP; (2) developing a multi‐objective model to maximize the utilization of the available green time by vehicular traffic and pedestrian under both EPP or TWC; and (3) designing a genetic algorithm based heuristic algorithm to solve the model. Case study and sensitivity analysis results have shown the promising property of the proposed model to assist traffic practitioners, researchers, and authorities in properly selecting pedestrian phase patterns at signalized intersections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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基于血液的生理特性及应急保障特性,以应急血液最晚运达时间最小、接收时的最低新鲜度最大、运输总费用最小为目标,建立考虑多品种、多式联运的应急血液调剂出救点选择,即运输路线安排问题两阶段决策优化模型,并设计了一种包含局部邻域优化的遗传,即禁忌混合算法进行求解.以“5.12”汶川大地震应急血液保障为背景构建算例,分析验证了两阶段决策方法在最晚抵达时间、新鲜度均值、运输总费用、血液积压量等指标上的优越性.     

长江小南海枢纽施工二期导流明渠通航条件研究

根据小南海枢纽河段河势及水流条件特点,通过水工模型试验和船模试验相结合的方法,分析了小南海枢纽施工二期导流明渠通航条件及存在问题,提出了明渠进口段炸除碍航礁石、出口段开挖新航槽的优化方案。研究表明:导流明渠原设计方案明渠进、出口段礁石碍航严重,通航水流条件差;优化方案通过整治措施显著改善了导流明渠的通航条件,保障了小南海枢纽施工二期长江上游航运的安全畅通。     

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程整治效果多水文条件物模研究*

针对太仓至南通河段两个重点碍航河段——通州沙水道和白茆沙水道的碍航特性,实施长江南京以下12.5 m深水 航道一期工程,目标使12.5 m深水航道从目前的太仓港上延到南通港。通过动床物理模型试验对该一期工程的平面方案在 平常水沙2 a和丰水年条件下进行了对比研究。该工程方案的通州沙工程能起到较明显的沙体守护效果,通州沙顺堤和齿坝 能遏制通州沙及狼山沙沙体左缘的冲刷后退,并能遏制狼山沙窜沟的冲刷发展,且狼山沙东水道碍航浅段水深条件有所改 善。白茆沙工程亦能起到较明显的沙体守护效果,能遏制沙头冲刷后退的趋势。该工程对白茆沙头部南侧的小沙包有较明 显冲刷作用,白茆沙南水道进口段有一定程度冲刷,航行条件改善。对比分析表明方案在1 a丰水条件下对河床的调整趋势 与两年平常水沙年条件下的试验结果基本一致,但工程效果略有减弱,总体上来说该工程方案在两种水文条件下均可以达 到工程建设目标。     

船舶发电机组软同步相位差双通道检测方法

相位差检测是实现船舶发电机组软同步并车的关键技术之一.针对当前常规脉冲信号检测方法无法应用于软并车相位差检测的问题,提出了综合运用脉冲信号采集技术和数据处理技术的双通道相位差检测方法,该方法可基于现有的硬件条件实现相位差的准确检测和方向识别.通过实验验证,该方法可靠、有效,可以满足发电机组软同步并车的要求.     

一种改进时域同步平均的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

复杂结构设备的滚动轴承其振动信号成分复杂,故障信号微弱,信噪比很小,常规诊断方法难以有效消除背景噪声,有效提取故障信息.文中研究了基于相位补偿时域同步平均的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,并根据轴承故障信号存在调制的特点,探讨了同步周期的合理选取.通过对轴承内圈故障的仿真研究,验证了相位补偿时域同步平均方法的有效性,它能够同时提取故障特征频率与调制频率,为精确诊断轴承故障提供了新的途径.经进一步实验研究,证明该方法是有效的.