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971.
In recent years, rapid advances in information technology have led to various data collection systems which are enriching the sources of empirical data for use in transport systems. Currently, traffic data are collected through various sensors including loop detectors, probe vehicles, cell-phones, Bluetooth, video cameras, remote sensing and public transport smart cards. It has been argued that combining the complementary information from multiple sources will generally result in better accuracy, increased robustness and reduced ambiguity. Despite the fact that there have been substantial advances in data assimilation techniques to reconstruct and predict the traffic state from multiple data sources, such methods are generally data-driven and do not fully utilize the power of traffic models. Furthermore, the existing methods are still limited to freeway networks and are not yet applicable in the urban context due to the enhanced complexity of the flow behavior. The main traffic phenomena on urban links are generally caused by the boundary conditions at intersections, un-signalized or signalized, at which the switching of the traffic lights and the turning maneuvers of the road users lead to shock-wave phenomena that propagate upstream of the intersections. This paper develops a new model-based methodology to build up a real-time traffic prediction model for arterial corridors using data from multiple sources, particularly from loop detectors and partial observations from Bluetooth and GPS devices. 相似文献
972.
This paper develops an agent-based modeling approach to predict multi-step ahead experienced travel times using real-time and historical spatiotemporal traffic data. At the microscopic level, each agent represents an expert in a decision-making system. Each expert predicts the travel time for each time interval according to experiences from a historical dataset. A set of agent interactions is developed to preserve agents that correspond to traffic patterns similar to the real-time measurements and replace invalid agents or agents associated with negligible weights with new agents. Consequently, the aggregation of each agent’s recommendation (predicted travel time with associated weight) provides a macroscopic level of output, namely the predicted travel time distribution. Probe vehicle data from a 95-mile freeway stretch along I-64 and I-264 are used to test different predictors. The results show that the agent-based modeling approach produces the least prediction error compared to other state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art methods (instantaneous travel time, historical average and k-nearest neighbor), and maintains less than a 9% prediction error for trip departures up to 60 min into the future for a two-hour trip. Moreover, the confidence boundaries of the predicted travel times demonstrate that the proposed approach also provides high accuracy in predicting travel time confidence intervals. Finally, the proposed approach does not require offline training thus making it easily transferable to other locations and the fast algorithm computation allows the proposed approach to be implemented in real-time applications in Traffic Management Centers. 相似文献
973.
Information and communications technologies (ICT) and future and emerging technologies (FET) are expected to revolutionize transportation in the next generation. Travelers’ behavioral adaptation is a key to their success. We discuss the notion of managing traffic congestion by enhancing cooperation in road networks enabled with ICT and FET. Cooperation is an emergent social state related to the dynamics and complexity of road traffic and reinforced learning. Game theory and research in behavioral economics show that cooperation can be leveraged to efficiently solve social dilemmas similar to traffic congestion. We review the applicability of behavioral economics and game theory concepts to route, mode and departure time choice problems. Beyond advancing theory, research on cooperation in the context of transportation is still in its infancy. We discuss state-of-the-art methodologies and their weaknesses and review the unexplored opportunities inherent in game-based methodologies. A behavioral-technological research agenda for FET is also discussed. 相似文献
974.
针对复杂地质条件下高地应力大变形隧道地应力复杂多变的特点,为满足该类隧道动态设计对地应力资料的要求,提出基于上台阶开挖后拱腰水平收敛与拱顶下沉的相对比值并结合开挖揭示的围岩情况,建立二维数值模型反算地应力的方法。以丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道为例,对该方法进行详细说明。研究表明所述方法具有无需地应力测试、计算方便的优点,施工期间可用于地应力分析、预测。中义隧道典型区段地应力反算结果表明: 1)隧道出口及2号横洞工区的地应力分布特点并不相同; 2)围岩及埋深差别不大的区段,隧道水平收敛变形出现较大差异主要是由于地应力侧压力系数不同引起的。 相似文献
975.
以阿拉山口市—温泉县—G30公路建设项目为依托,通过控制变量法研究冻融循环次数、含盐率、含水率及荷载对盐渍土盐胀和融陷变形量的影响情况。试验结果表明:在进行盐胀试验时,盐胀性随着盐渍土含水率的增加逐渐增大;随着含盐率的增加,盐渍土盐胀特性也更明显;随着温度的降低,盐渍土盐胀量也逐渐增大,但当含盐率和含水率到达一定程度后,盐胀量则不会随着温度下降而增大;在进行溶陷试验时,在不考虑含盐量的情况下,各组土体均随着含水率增高而沉降量越大;在荷载相同的情况下,含盐量越大,沉降量越大;随着压力的增加,盐渍土仍会发生较大沉降。 相似文献
976.
在水工模型试验中,基础数据的准确度与精确度直接关系到科研成果的质量。流速是模型试验中观测的主要数据之一。模型流速的测量方法有许多种,如示踪物法、光电法、声学多普勒法等。光电法是目前水工模型试验中应用最多的流速测量方法。文章所述的模型测杆流速处理程序实现的功能就是计算流速测杆采集流速的平均值并直观地以流速过程线图显示。通过应用于上海国际航运中心洋山港区整体物理模型试验的实践表明,程序采用微调方法,解决了判断涨落潮时存在的问题,提高了水工模型试验工作的精度和效率,为科学决策提供了依据。 相似文献
977.
978.
自从2004年被发现以来,被誉为神奇材料的石墨烯由于具有多项出色性能,一直是各国科学家和产业界的研发热点,被尝试用于航空航天、电子、船舶、新能源、环境净化、沥青路面、混凝土等诸多领域。重点研究石墨烯新材料用于沥青混凝土路面的应用试验情况。 相似文献
979.
980.