计及空气介质的水下拖曳系统运动模型及其数值计算

为进一步提高水下拖曳系统运动仿真的准确性,本文建立了计及空气介质的拖曳系统运动模型,并提出了改进的有限差分方法来保证数值计算时的稳定性.仿真和试验表明,考虑空气介质后将进一步改善拖曳张力和缆形的计算精度,以及提高对双拖安全性分析的准确性.     

船舶轨迹运动控制方法改进研究

分析了船舶轨迹控制的直接法和间接法的特点,提出综合航向控制与航迹控制,利用航向差与航迹角度差的变化,调整航向差与航迹角度的相互关系来控制舵角,达到消除航迹偏差的控制目的。通过实船试验,验证了此方法简单实用、控制精度高、灵活性强的特点,特别是在复杂条件下,此法避免了大量的力学分析和算法推演,只考虑各种因素对船舶的实际影响结果,控制效果明显。     

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》履约对策研究

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》的即将生效实施将有效地控制和防止船舶压载水传播有害水生物和病原体。文中论述了公约的主要内容和特点,并就公约对我国产生的主要影响进行分析,最后提出相应的履约对策及建议。     

融资租赁船舶所有权登记

从国际船舶融资的角度看,缺少船舶融资租赁权登记规定的船舶登记制度,是不利于跨国船舶融资租赁的。我国《船舶登记条例》中有关光船租赁权登记制度的基本精神和具体做法可为船舶融资租赁权登记制度提供有益借鉴。但仍存在一些不足,笔者试着从这方面提出若干建议。     

减摇水舱挡板开度对稳定矩影响的研究

水舱阻尼是影响减摇水舱减摇性能的重要因素,在减摇水舱的工程应用中,如何获得最佳的水舱阻尼成为水舱设计最关键的环节之一。一般情况下,可以通过调节水舱挡板来改变水舱底部通道截面积的大小,以达到改善水舱阻尼的目的。本文利用FLUENT软件,计算了二维水舱模型中不同挡板开度条件下水舱稳定矩的变化,得到该仿真模型最佳阻尼所对应的挡板开度的参考数值,并与减摇水舱台架试验的结果进行比较,表明了利用数值仿真的方法来研究水舱阻尼是可行的,该数值仿真的结果是合理的。     

深水爆破挤淤装药器的研发与应用

爆破挤淤施工药包的精确定位以及装药效率是确保工程质量和施工进度的关键,这都取决于装药器。介绍了沥港渔港工程概况和特点。详细介绍了装药器的研制和装药器施工工艺。改进后的装药器在施工中取得良好的效果。     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

隧道开挖中的应力旋转和裂隙塑性变形问题研究

通过对隧道开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,分析了隧道开挖过程中主应力方向的旋转变化,研究了主应力旋转与隧道裂隙塑性变形的关系,验证了"考虑应力主轴旋转的广义塑性原理"的正确性,并将数值模拟结果和相关试验成果进行了对比,得出了一致性的结论。研究结果表明,应力旋转基本在隧道开挖前后10 m左右的距离内完成,隧道开挖过程中的应力旋转可以引起裂隙塑性变形的突变,且对竖向和斜向裂隙的影响较大;可以根据应力旋转的变化规律合理地选择支护时机,依据应力旋转对裂隙的影响对隧道的重点部位进行超前加固。     

高寒隧道保温设计研究及热工计算方法初探

目前国内高寒隧道研究成果还不能完全满足隧道设计要求,文章借鉴我国建设部房建行业和日本国铁的研究成果,提出了适用于季节性冻土隧道洞口保温段长度、衬砌保温及水沟保温的设计计算方法。     

桃树坪隧道富水未成岩粉细砂预加固施工技术

富水未成岩粉细砂隧道开挖后围岩极不稳定,呈流塑状,极易出现溜塌现象、造成初期支护变形侵限,甚至大的坍塌,严重影响到工程的质量、安全、工期及成本。为确保施工进度、安全及质量,必须采取预加固措施。文章结合兰渝铁路LYS-7标段桃树坪隧道出口段的施工实践,介绍了隧道出口富水未成岩粉细砂地层的高压旋喷注浆预加固技术。