Generalized transport costs and index numbers: A geographical analysis of economic and infrastructure fundamentals

We rely on the economic theory approach to index numbers to improve the existing definitions and decompositions of variations in generalized transport costs (GTCs). As a value index, we decompose GTCs into price and quantity indices associated to economic—market—costs and infrastructure variables—distance and time within a network. The methodology allows the accurate identification of the sources of GTCs decline. We illustrate it for the case of road freight transportation in Spain between 1980 and 2007 and at a highly detailed geographical level. Average GTCs weighted by trade flows have decreased by 16.3%, with infrastructure driving that reduction. We find large territorial disparities in GTCs, but also significant geographical clusters where the market and network indices show spatial association.     

论塑料排水板处理软土路基施工工艺

塑料排水板具有较多的优良性能,是软土加固工程理想的排水固结材料。通过介绍该工艺施工设备的选用、施工前的准备工作、施工工艺的实施与技术标准的控制及施工中应注意的问题,以期为工程技术人员提供参考和借鉴。     

船体外板“双重”线加热成形研究

文章在“单”线加热的机理研究基础上,重点对“双重”线加热进行有限元分析,对其温度场和变形场进行了大量基于ANSYS的数值计算,并与“单”线加热进行了比较。仿真结果说明“双重”线加热能有效提高船体外板的成形效率,非常适合加工大变形的船体外板。     

Detection Algorithms of Intentional Car Following on Smart Networks: A Primary Methodology

Abstract

This paper explores the possibility of detecting certain movements of vehicles that might provide useful information for crime investigations. It is known that existing car following models are interested in microscopic interactions between vehicles in randomly formed pairs. The present work, however, introduces the concept of macroscopic analysis of vehicle positions on a network and the idea of seeking if these movements exhibit any meaningful relationships. First of all detection algorithms are produced for two possible types of detection: (a) was a particular vehicle followed by any vehicle? and (b) did a particular vehicle follow any vehicle? These algorithms assume that every link in the network is equipped with some sort of vehicle identification or tracking device and the identities of all vehicles, such as their number plates, are fed into the program. Then a simulation program is developed to implement the first algorithm (Type (a)), as an example, to visualise the concept. Since the present paper is a preliminary and basic approach to the problem, a number of issues and details requiring further research, together with the directions which could be taken, are also identified and discussed.     

百米级连续刚构桥的计算比较

以一座工程实例中的百米级连续刚构桥为背景,以主跨跨数、边中跨比、平面线形为变量进行计算比较,总结了各变量对边支座反力、主梁内力、主墩内力的影响,可为类似工程参考。     

基于侧墙效应的隧道行车安全实验研究

隧道内是公路交通事故多发区,由隧道内封闭单调的行车环境引起的侧墙负面效应是事故发生的主要原因,设计合理的隧道侧墙图案可有效缓解这一效应.通过利用3DMAX等软件模拟长隧道驾驶环境,采用评价清单的方式,从视认性和闪现率的角度对隧道内侧墙图案的色彩、图案尺寸及间距进行了实验研究.通过实际工程验证,提出了适用于高速公路隧道内的侧墙图案应用设计,可改善隧道内的视觉环境,提高其行车的安全性.     

厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥锚拉板锚下区域受力分析

厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥为主跨780m的双塔双索面钢箱梁斜拉桥,斜拉索在主梁上的锚固采用锚拉板式结构.由于锚拉板锚下区域是应力集中最为明显的地方,为改善该区域结构受力,寻求该区域结构过渡最优方案,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立完整锚拉板结构的节段模型,分别采用弹性材料模型及理想弹塑性材料模型,对锚拉板锚下区域的不同过渡形式进行应力分析,并比较其塑性应变.结果表明,随着过渡区曲率半径的增大,应力集中区的最大应力值逐渐减小,塑性区范围也随之发生变化.根据比较分析结果,结合锚拉板结构的紧凑性要求,厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥锚拉板过渡区选用了半径为40 mm的1/4圆弧过渡形式.     

基于熵权属性识别模型的泥石流危险性评价

结合工程实例,将属性识别理论应用到重庆地区泥石流危险性评价中,从而把定量分析与定性描述有机地结合到一起.提出了泥石流危险性评价的属性测度计算方法,并利用熵权系数法确定权重,建立了基于熵权系数法的属性识别计评价方法.评价结果表明该方法具有可行性和推广应用价值.     

图的符号边控制与减边控制

设G是一个图,γ′s(G)和γ′m(G)分别表示图G的符号边控制数和减边控制数,利用图的边度序列给出了γ′s(G)和γ′m(G)的下限,并通过图G的子图明确了两者的关系,为找出γ′m(G)更多的下界提供了新的方法。     

小汽车尾号限行的经济学分析

随着私有汽车数量的不断增加,城市交通拥挤和大气污染现象越来越严重。为解决此问题,一些地区采取小汽车尾号限行的措施。从微观经济学的角度分析此项措施,从边际个人成本与边际社会成本间的关系分析得出小汽车尾号限行只能在短期内解决城市交通拥挤现象,并不能作为长期政策实施。最后,提出更为有效的解决交通拥挤现象的措施——公交优先和拥挤收费。