驱逐舰烟气排放过程数值仿真及同模型试验比较研究(英文)

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle, velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke. The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation(k-ε) model. The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validate the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ =10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.     

基于GIS的交通污染扩散模拟

利用GIS技术建立机动车污染仿真模拟系统，能够直观反映机动车污染的时空分布规律，为机动车污染控制研究提供有力的工具。以ArcGIS Engine为开发工具，通过属性数据和空间数据的连接，实现了武汉市机动车污染的数据查询和空间显示等功能，通过GIS和高斯扩散模型的集成，分析了武汉市交通污染分布，为机动车污染的控制提供了技术支持。该系统能对武汉市机动车污染物的排放进行实例分析。     

稳心颗粒对家兔3层心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的影响

目的研究步长稳心颗粒对家兔左心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响,探讨稳心颗粒抗心律失常的作用机制。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术,分别记录稳心颗粒组和对照组家兔内层(Endo)、中层(M)和外层(Epi)心室肌细胞的Ito,观察稳心颗粒对家兔心室肌细胞Ito的影响。结果在测试电压+50 mV时,对照组Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito分别为(4 235.7±953.2)pA(n=11)、(4 115.8±743.1)pA(n=11)和(2 730.2±524.6)pA(n=11),Endo细胞的Ito电流强度明显小于Epi和M细胞(P<0.01);稳心颗粒灌胃给药后家兔左心室肌Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito电流强度分别为(4 806.4±1 381.8)pA(n=11)、(4 661.3±902.6)pA(n=11)和(4 072.9±1 234.9)pA(n=11),与对照组相比稳心颗粒可明显增加Endo细胞Ito的电流强度(P<0.01)。结论稳心颗粒增加Endo心室肌细胞Ito的电流强度,使心室的跨壁复极离散度(TDR)减小,这可能是其抗心律失常的重要机制之一。     

水下接收罗兰C信号周期识别补偿方法研究

由于色散效应影响,罗兰C信号在水下传播时各频率分量相位改变量不同,导致合成信号包络发生形变,周期识别时需要进行包周差补偿处理。为此,在分析罗兰C信号水下传播色散特性基础上,通过仿真给出了标准信号由空气入水后在水中不同深度接收到的信号载波前五周半峰值比。然后,结合上述仿真结果,根据最小均方思想设计了一种融入包周差补偿的用于水下接收信号识别的简单可行周期识别方法。试验结果表明,所设计周期识别补偿方法能够准确实现水下接收罗兰C信号的周期识别,提高接收机定位精度,对拓展罗兰C接收机的水下应用领域具有重要意义。     

Green-Naghdi theory, part A: Green-Naghdi (GN) equations for shallow water waves

In this work,Green-Naghdi (GN) equations with general weight functions were derived in a simple way. A wave-absorbing beach was also considered in the general GN equations. A numerical solution for a level higher than 4 was not feasible in the past with the original GN equations. The GN equations for shallow water waves were simplified here, which make the application of high level (higher than 4) equations feasible. The linear dispersion relationships of the first seven levels were presented. The accuracy of dispersion relationships increased as the level increased. Level 7 GN equations are capable of simulating waves out to wave number times depth . Numerical simulation of nonlinear water waves was performed by use of Level 5 and 7 GN equations, which will be presented in the next paper.     

潜艇目标大散布条件下鱼雷搜索弹道仿真

针对潜艇目标大散布条件,选取定角度扩展圆形和定时扩展圆形2种搜索弹道形式;对于不同目标散布大小、不同的自导作用距离,采用蒙特卡罗法对鱼雷发现概率进行仿真计算;根据仿真计算结果对鱼雷搜索弹道进行了合理优化,仿真结果可为目标大散布条件鱼雷搜索弹道设计提供一定参考。     

基于非线性模型预测控制的车辆纵向队列协调控制

本文中针对基于分层控制结构的车辆队列上、下层控制缺少联系的问题,提出了车辆队列跟驰与个体车辆动力学稳定性协调控制的思路,其基本思想是在保证队列中个体车辆安全稳定行驶的同时,尽可能实现队列跟驰控制的目标。基于非线性模型预测控制(nonlinear model predictive control,NMPC)方法设计了车辆队列协调控制方案,设计了包括跟驰间距误差、跟驰速度误差以及车速与车轮圆周速度差3个子目标的优化目标函数,将队列跟驰与车辆动力学稳定性的协调控制转化为约束优化控制问题;基于序列二次规划(sequential quadratic programming,SQP)方法进行求解,得到车辆前、后轴的制动/驱动力矩来实现上层决策输出的期望跟驰加速度。基于由3车辆组成的非线性队列模型对控制方案进行了仿真分析,结果表明,所提出的基于NMPC的车辆队列协调控制策略可以在大范围操纵工况下,在保证车辆安全稳定行驶的基础上实现队列的跟驰控制。     

预分散SBS改性沥青的应用研究

预分散法属于母体法的一种。利用该法研究的改性沥青母料可在较短时间，较低温度（170℃，0.5h）下均匀而稳定地分散于大量基质沥青中，其改性沥青可采用通用设备生产，具有设备投资少，维护方便，工艺简单，能耗低，施工灵活性等优点，且改性沥青质量超出同类改性沥青。     

Simulations of pollutant dispersion at toll plazas using three-dimensional CFD models

Toll plazas are particularly susceptible to build-ups of vehicle-emitted pollutants because vehicles pass through in low gear. To look at this, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of pollutant dispersion are used on the standard k − ε turbulence model. The effects of wind speed, wind direction and topography on pollutant dispersion were discussed. The Wuzhuang toll plaza on the Hefei-Nanjing expressway is considered, and the effects of the retaining walls along both sides of the plaza on pollutant dispersion is analysed. There are greater pollutant concentrations near the tollbooths as the angle between the direction of the wind and traffic increases implying that retaining walls impede dispersion. The slope of the walls has little influence on the variations in pollutant concentration.     

海上油气泄漏与扩散场景数值分析

海上油气装置发生气体泄漏并经过一定程度扩散后极易被点燃而发生爆炸事故.该文针对一个海上油气处理模块选取多组不同泄漏速率与风速组合下的泄漏扩散场景建立CFD模型进行分析,深入讨论了气体浓度的分布与形成规律,并选取可用于爆炸分析的重要指标"等效化学计量气体云体积"作为分析对象,深入分析其随时间的变化规律,发现气体扩散后的浓度分布均可以在一定时间后达到稳定状态,等效化学计量气体云体积不再变化;另外还探讨了泄漏速率以及风速等关键参数对特征气体云体积的大小以及形成时间的影响规律,获得的相关规律可用于类似场景的参考;最后对爆炸分析时泄漏扩散场景的选择提出了相关建议.