不同车辆工况对协同自适应巡航控制车队行驶安全的影响

基于横向控制器和纵向控制器模型,包括校正的预瞄驾驶员模型、加速度控制模型、节气门控制模型和制动器控制模型,建立Matlab/Simulink 和CarSim 车辆联合仿真平台,并对其可行性进行分析与验证.利用平台分别仿真协同自适应巡航控制(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, CACC)车队车辆紧急刹车,通信延时,起步加、减速工况和车队前方插入换道车辆4 种情况下CACC车辆的行驶状况.仿真发现：紧急刹车时车队能够实现较好的紧急避撞;在通信延时的情况下,车队仍能保证行车安全;车队起步、减速工况运行较平稳,但加速度并不平稳,不利于车队后方车辆的乘坐舒适性;车队对前方插入不同速度的车辆能够及时响应并最终恢复安全行车间距.     

基于基尼系数的辽宁省现代服务业集聚与分散实证

为正确评价辽宁省现代服务业产业空间分布的均衡性,基于基尼系数分析了辽宁省现代服务业产业集聚及分散情况,研究结果表明：辽宁省新兴和现代服务业的空间集聚水平较高,传统服务业没有明显的集聚趋势;产业集中度较高的城市具有得天独厚的区位优势和根基扎实的产业基础.     

拉力分散型预应力锚索在双流机场明挖隧道深基坑工程中的应用

预应力锚索广泛应用于软岩、土体边坡加固及明挖隧道支撑体系等工程中。以成绵乐铁路客运专线双流机场隧道大跨段锚索支撑体系工程为依托，分析了拉力分散型预应力锚索在明挖隧道深基坑支撑体系中的受力特点及工作原理，以及新型锚索应用的施工技术要点和施工工艺。     

Numerical modelling of fish eggs dispersion at the Patos Lagoon estuary — Brazil

The Patos Lagoon estuary is the most important nursery ground for commercially relevant species of fish and crustaceans in the South of Brazil, maintaining fisheries that sustain 3500 fisher families throughout the Rio Grande do Sul State coastline. Around 80% of the interior estuarine area is very shallow (< 2 m), and recruitment of fish eggs and larvae to the inner parts of the Patos Lagoon estuary is directly related to the circulation pattern in the area, which is controlled by local and non-local wind effects and freshwater discharge. The objective of this study is to investigate the processes controlling the transport of estuarine dependent fish eggs between the Atlantic Ocean and the Patos Lagoon estuary.An integrated numerical system based on a bi-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a Lagrangean transport model of passive particles is applied to a selection of scenarios representing the passage of weather fronts over the area. At this stage, fish eggs are represented as buoyant passive particles. Modelling results are compared against field data for the period under investigation (September/October 1999) and historical records. Short term results are analysed in terms of the meteorological conditions (wind direction, intensity and duration) controlling the transport of eggs to the inner parts of the estuary and the extension of their excursion. This experiment is the first attempt to couple biological and physical information to study fish eggs transport, and to enhance the current knowledge about recruitment of important fisheries resources in southern Brazil.     

队列车辆碰撞严重性及车队排布策略

针对自动驾驶车辆队列发生不可避免碰撞的事故场景,研究以整体碰撞严重性达到最低为目标的车队排布策略.首先根据引发事故的障碍物是否会明显影响领航车运动,将碰撞划分为队内碰撞和队外碰撞.队列几何构型一定时,针对均质化队列发生一维碰撞过程建立理论模型,计入碰撞前车辆对前车紧急制动的感应及自车进行紧急制动的过程,计算并定义时间截...     

Infrastructure assisted adaptive driving to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings

Literature has shown potentials of Connected/Cooperative Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in improving highway operations, especially on roadway capacity and flow stability. However, benefits were also shown to be negligible at low market penetration rates. This work develops a novel adaptive driving strategy for CAVs to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings by controlling one CAV under vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Assumed is a roadside system with V2I communications, which receives control parameters of the CAV in the string and estimates parameters imperfectly of non-connected automated vehicles. It determines the adaptive control parameters (e.g. desired time gap and feedback gains) of the CAV if a downstream disturbance is identified and sends them to the CAV. The CAV changes its behaviour based on the adaptive parameters commanded by the roadside system to suppress the disturbance.The proposed adaptive driving strategy is based on string stability analysis of heterogeneous vehicle strings. To this end, linearised vehicle dynamics model and control law are used in the controller parametrisation and Laplace transform of the speed and gap error dynamics in time domain to frequency domain enables the determination of sufficient string stability criteria of heterogeneous strings. The analytical string stability conditions give new insights into automated vehicular string stability properties in relation to the system properties of time delays and controller design parameters of feedback gains and desired time gap. It further allows the quantification of a stability margin, which is subsequently used to adapt the feedback control gains and desired time gap of the CAV to suppress the amplification of gap and speed errors through the string.Analytical results are verified via systematic simulation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings. Simulation demonstrates the predictive power of the analytical string stability conditions. The performance of the adaptive driving strategy under V2I cooperation is tested in simulation. Results show that even the estimation of control parameters of non-connected automated vehicles are imperfect and there is mismatch between the model used in analytical derivation and that in simulation, the proposed adaptive driving strategy suppresses disturbances in a wide range of situations.     

集装箱船LNG燃料加注与装卸货同时操作的安全区域分析

大型LNG燃料船舶的LNG加注量大,为了减少靠港时间,需要考虑在LNG燃料在港加注的同时进行船舶装卸货操作。以一艘10 000 m3 LNG加注船对一艘18 000 TEU LNG燃料动力集装箱船的在港加注为研究对象,基于失效频率分析拟定了4个LNG泄漏场景,采用三维计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLACS分析了LNG泄漏后的可燃气体影响范围,最终得到了一个矩形危险区域,将此危险区域范围之外的区域作为LNG燃料加注与装卸货同时操作的安全区域。研究表明,LNG燃料船对船加注与装卸货同时操作的安全区域设定不可一概而论,不同的设计和作业条件将有不同的安全区域,在该类问题分析中,不能忽视LNG加注软管泄漏和加注船液货舱安全阀排放两种场景。     

多孔介质中波浪传播的高阶Boussinesq方程*

准确模拟波浪在多孔介质中传播变形对于研究抛石防波堤等结构的消能作用是十分必要的。对Laplace方程、自由表面处的运动学方程和动力学方程以及海底运动学方程进行无因次化,且以自由表面处速度势为切点,进行幂级展开,最终给出4个不同的高阶Boussinesq水波方程。在常水深下对这些方程的一维问题进行了理论研究,并将无因次相速度和无因次虚波数与解析解结果进行对比,方程的相速度与解析解吻合程度较好,虚波数与解析解基本吻合,表明高阶Boussinesq方程可用于模拟波浪在多孔介质中的传播变形。     

正交各向异性弹性层／压电半空间结构中Love波的传播特性

研究了层状半空间介质中Love波的传播特性,其中表面层为正交各向异性纯弹性材料,而半空间为横观各向同性压电材料。推导了显函形式的频散方程,并结合数值算例分析了压电材料的性能和正交各向异性的程度对传播速度的影响。     

城市高架桥对颗粒物扩散分布的影响

近年来,随着中国城市化进程的不断加快,城市高架的数量也与日俱增,但高架桥在缓解交通拥堵的同时也给城市道路空气污染扩散分布带来了新的影响。为了探讨这一新问题,采用实地监测和数值模拟相结合的方法,基于计算流体力学原理(CFD)建立RNG k-ε模型及离散相(DPM)模型,分析对称型街道峡谷内高架桥沿线交通颗粒物的扩散机制。研究结果表明：高架桥的存在会影响街道峡谷内的空气流场,导致桥面颗粒物向桥下地面沉积,造成地面颗粒物浓度增大;高架引桥沿线的交通状态对街谷内湍流动能的分布也有较大影响,进而改变了颗粒物的分布状态,通过模拟发现,车辆湍动能VIT的存在使颗粒物平均浓度相比于未考虑VIT时降低了3.77%,并且加重了高架桥的“盖子效应”,使高架桥面高度以下的颗粒物的平均浓度发生变化,迎风侧浓度增长11.46%~16.52%,而背风侧浓度下降2.82%~8.65%,高架桥源颗粒物在垂直方向上更加容易扩散;同时发现,高架引桥各位置处对应的街谷内颗粒物浓度要高于高架桥面高度处的颗粒物浓度。研究成果可为制定城市高架地区的交通污染控制对策提供理论参考。