基于比功率的自动驾驶交通流油耗分析

鉴于油耗与节约能源和车辆尾气排放直接相关,探究自动驾驶车辆对油耗的影响. 以手动驾驶车队与自动驾驶车队为数值仿真对象,在交通震荡环境下设计数值仿真实验. 对车队的车辆数量,车队初始速度,以及自动驾驶车辆的车间通信延时做参数敏感性分析. 基于机动车比功率的油耗评价模型,对仿真结果进行统计;相比于手动驾驶车队,计算自动驾驶车队平均油耗率的降低. 从交通流稳定性角度考察油耗降低与稳定性状态转变之间的内在关联性. 研究结果表明,自动驾驶车辆对油耗的降低幅度与车队初始速度有关,与交通流稳定性之间存在定性的影响关系,交通流的平稳性有利于显著改善车辆油耗降低的幅度. 研究结果可为大规模自动驾驶背景下的油耗控制策略提供理论参考.     

Infrastructure assisted adaptive driving to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings

Literature has shown potentials of Connected/Cooperative Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in improving highway operations, especially on roadway capacity and flow stability. However, benefits were also shown to be negligible at low market penetration rates. This work develops a novel adaptive driving strategy for CAVs to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings by controlling one CAV under vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Assumed is a roadside system with V2I communications, which receives control parameters of the CAV in the string and estimates parameters imperfectly of non-connected automated vehicles. It determines the adaptive control parameters (e.g. desired time gap and feedback gains) of the CAV if a downstream disturbance is identified and sends them to the CAV. The CAV changes its behaviour based on the adaptive parameters commanded by the roadside system to suppress the disturbance.The proposed adaptive driving strategy is based on string stability analysis of heterogeneous vehicle strings. To this end, linearised vehicle dynamics model and control law are used in the controller parametrisation and Laplace transform of the speed and gap error dynamics in time domain to frequency domain enables the determination of sufficient string stability criteria of heterogeneous strings. The analytical string stability conditions give new insights into automated vehicular string stability properties in relation to the system properties of time delays and controller design parameters of feedback gains and desired time gap. It further allows the quantification of a stability margin, which is subsequently used to adapt the feedback control gains and desired time gap of the CAV to suppress the amplification of gap and speed errors through the string.Analytical results are verified via systematic simulation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings. Simulation demonstrates the predictive power of the analytical string stability conditions. The performance of the adaptive driving strategy under V2I cooperation is tested in simulation. Results show that even the estimation of control parameters of non-connected automated vehicles are imperfect and there is mismatch between the model used in analytical derivation and that in simulation, the proposed adaptive driving strategy suppresses disturbances in a wide range of situations.     

Numerical modelling of fish eggs dispersion at the Patos Lagoon estuary — Brazil

The Patos Lagoon estuary is the most important nursery ground for commercially relevant species of fish and crustaceans in the South of Brazil, maintaining fisheries that sustain 3500 fisher families throughout the Rio Grande do Sul State coastline. Around 80% of the interior estuarine area is very shallow (< 2 m), and recruitment of fish eggs and larvae to the inner parts of the Patos Lagoon estuary is directly related to the circulation pattern in the area, which is controlled by local and non-local wind effects and freshwater discharge. The objective of this study is to investigate the processes controlling the transport of estuarine dependent fish eggs between the Atlantic Ocean and the Patos Lagoon estuary.An integrated numerical system based on a bi-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a Lagrangean transport model of passive particles is applied to a selection of scenarios representing the passage of weather fronts over the area. At this stage, fish eggs are represented as buoyant passive particles. Modelling results are compared against field data for the period under investigation (September/October 1999) and historical records. Short term results are analysed in terms of the meteorological conditions (wind direction, intensity and duration) controlling the transport of eggs to the inner parts of the estuary and the extension of their excursion. This experiment is the first attempt to couple biological and physical information to study fish eggs transport, and to enhance the current knowledge about recruitment of important fisheries resources in southern Brazil.     

正交各向异性弹性层／压电半空间结构中Love波的传播特性

研究了层状半空间介质中Love波的传播特性,其中表面层为正交各向异性纯弹性材料,而半空间为横观各向同性压电材料。推导了显函形式的频散方程,并结合数值算例分析了压电材料的性能和正交各向异性的程度对传播速度的影响。     

稳心颗粒对家兔3层心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的影响

目的研究步长稳心颗粒对家兔左心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响,探讨稳心颗粒抗心律失常的作用机制。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术,分别记录稳心颗粒组和对照组家兔内层(Endo)、中层(M)和外层(Epi)心室肌细胞的Ito,观察稳心颗粒对家兔心室肌细胞Ito的影响。结果在测试电压+50 mV时,对照组Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito分别为(4 235.7±953.2)pA(n=11)、(4 115.8±743.1)pA(n=11)和(2 730.2±524.6)pA(n=11),Endo细胞的Ito电流强度明显小于Epi和M细胞(P<0.01);稳心颗粒灌胃给药后家兔左心室肌Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito电流强度分别为(4 806.4±1 381.8)pA(n=11)、(4 661.3±902.6)pA(n=11)和(4 072.9±1 234.9)pA(n=11),与对照组相比稳心颗粒可明显增加Endo细胞Ito的电流强度(P<0.01)。结论稳心颗粒增加Endo心室肌细胞Ito的电流强度,使心室的跨壁复极离散度(TDR)减小,这可能是其抗心律失常的重要机制之一。     

不同车辆工况对协同自适应巡航控制车队行驶安全的影响

基于横向控制器和纵向控制器模型,包括校正的预瞄驾驶员模型、加速度控制模型、节气门控制模型和制动器控制模型,建立Matlab/Simulink 和CarSim 车辆联合仿真平台,并对其可行性进行分析与验证.利用平台分别仿真协同自适应巡航控制(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, CACC)车队车辆紧急刹车,通信延时,起步加、减速工况和车队前方插入换道车辆4 种情况下CACC车辆的行驶状况.仿真发现：紧急刹车时车队能够实现较好的紧急避撞;在通信延时的情况下,车队仍能保证行车安全;车队起步、减速工况运行较平稳,但加速度并不平稳,不利于车队后方车辆的乘坐舒适性;车队对前方插入不同速度的车辆能够及时响应并最终恢复安全行车间距.     

Discussion on the dispersion ＆ agglomeration of aircraft industry

The aircraft industry is crucial to the economy and security of a nation. In this paper, the spatial characteristics and patterns of the aircraft industry are analyzed on different spatial scales. It is found that there is a 'Matthew effect' in the global aircraft industry and the spatial evolution of the industry is consistent with the industrialization process of the whole country. It is also revealed that the spatial evolution of the country is driven by both the centripetal forces including capital, talents, technology and agglomeration economies and the centrifugal forces including the comparative advantage, cost &risk sharing, emerging markets, development policy for less-developed regions and the military imperative. These forces have both market-stabilizing and market-disrupting effects on the spatial evolution of the aircraft industry. The study suggests that lessons drawn from the experiences in the United States and France are expected to be conducive to the rise of China's aircraft industry in the future.     

城市高架桥对颗粒物扩散分布的影响

近年来,随着中国城市化进程的不断加快,城市高架的数量也与日俱增,但高架桥在缓解交通拥堵的同时也给城市道路空气污染扩散分布带来了新的影响。为了探讨这一新问题,采用实地监测和数值模拟相结合的方法,基于计算流体力学原理(CFD)建立RNG k-ε模型及离散相(DPM)模型,分析对称型街道峡谷内高架桥沿线交通颗粒物的扩散机制。研究结果表明：高架桥的存在会影响街道峡谷内的空气流场,导致桥面颗粒物向桥下地面沉积,造成地面颗粒物浓度增大;高架引桥沿线的交通状态对街谷内湍流动能的分布也有较大影响,进而改变了颗粒物的分布状态,通过模拟发现,车辆湍动能VIT的存在使颗粒物平均浓度相比于未考虑VIT时降低了3.77%,并且加重了高架桥的“盖子效应”,使高架桥面高度以下的颗粒物的平均浓度发生变化,迎风侧浓度增长11.46%~16.52%,而背风侧浓度下降2.82%~8.65%,高架桥源颗粒物在垂直方向上更加容易扩散;同时发现,高架引桥各位置处对应的街谷内颗粒物浓度要高于高架桥面高度处的颗粒物浓度。研究成果可为制定城市高架地区的交通污染控制对策提供理论参考。     

地铁车站建筑防火及安全疏散设计

通过车站建筑防火分区及防火墙设置、防烟分区、安全疏散三个方面详细的阐述了地铁车站建筑防火及安全疏散设计,旨在为地铁车站建筑设计提供借鉴.     

潜艇目标大散布条件下鱼雷搜索弹道仿真

针对潜艇目标大散布条件,选取定角度扩展圆形和定时扩展圆形2种搜索弹道形式;对于不同目标散布大小、不同的自导作用距离,采用蒙特卡罗法对鱼雷发现概率进行仿真计算;根据仿真计算结果对鱼雷搜索弹道进行了合理优化,仿真结果可为目标大散布条件鱼雷搜索弹道设计提供一定参考。