三塘湖原油注入鄯-兰管线原油物性研究

目前,鄯-兰管线采用加降凝剂改性输送和加热输送相结合的工艺顺序输送塔里木油、哈油、吐哈油及北疆与塔里木混油。三塘湖支线是在鄯-兰管线建成后新建的注入管线,三塘湖原油凝点较高,且降凝剂感受性不理想、稳定性未知。当采用全注入时,需要研究三塘湖原油进入鄯-兰管线后,加热或加剂输送能否安全输送至炼厂;当采用部分注入时,需要研究三塘湖原油与其他原油掺混后物性变化情况,重点研究不加剂三塘湖原油掺入加剂油后物性变化情况。研究方案分为4个时间段,侧重点各有不同,结合鄯-兰管线实际运行情况和注入后对管线的影响两个方面按由急到缓的顺序排定了测试顺序,将为工期相对紧张的相应配套工程开展设计工作提供基础条件。     

橡胶沥青技术在公路建设和养护中的应用

橡胶沥青作为一种新型的道路材料,具有降低路面噪音、提高行驶安全性与舒适性等优异性能。文章介绍了橡胶沥青的优点,分析了影响橡胶沥青及橡胶沥青混凝土质量的因素,并对橡胶沥青应用于公路建设和养护所存在的问题进行了探讨。     

银西高速铁路银川站南咽喉区噪声治理措施研究

铁路两侧居民声环境质量的保护问题日益受到社会各界的关注,如何解决高速铁路噪声给人们造成的伤害,成为一个急需解决的问题。本文结合银西高速铁路银川站南咽喉区周边敏感点分布情况及建筑高度,对噪声源进行分析及预测,针对性的提出了高速铁路声屏障降噪方案,确保该区域声环境质量达标,解决了该区域的噪声问题,产生了良好的示范效应,带来了良好的社会效益。     

Modeling risks and uncertainties in residents’ license choice behaviors under a vehicle restriction policy

Understanding residents’ perception and reaction to vehicle restriction policies is significant for transportation management. However, few studies have examined it from a behavioral and disaggregated perspective, particularly from people’s responses to uncertainties in choices, and their consequent behaviors under potential risks. This paper proposes a multi-level nested logit method to model sequential choice behaviors considering uncertainties under a vehicle license restriction policy. Prospect theory is applied, where a novel reference point is proposed based on instances of ‘whether a risk happens’ rather than a hard number which is difficult to obtain in reality. A case study in Guangzhou, China is presented, where a vehicle restriction policy has been applied for three years. Residents’ attitudes and preferences under uncertainties and different risks are revealed, and these factors are significant in predicting people’s future decisions while policy changes.     

Heat Release Rate and Temperature Field of a Bus on Fire北大核心CSCD

Bus fires are a common source of fires that occur in tunnels and are a huge threat to the safety of the tunnel structure and related personnel. An elaborate numerical simulation model of a bus is established considering the different combustion characteristics of the bus body, seats, decorations and baggage. For fires occuring at the bus head, middle part or back seat, the temperature field, heat release rate (HRR) and characteristics of the fire are ana-lyzed. The HRR calculation formula is obtained by superimposing a Boltzmann curve on a Gaussian curve. The re-sults show the peak and average values of a bus HRR are 48 MW and 8.1 MW, respectively, and the released energy due to combustion is 14.5 GJ; the maximum burning temperature reaches 1 040℃ and the temperature near the door can reach 60℃ after 120 sec. The temperature rises fastest at the bus door when the fire occurs at the rear of the bus and it has a high chance of detonating the fuel tank. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The link between economic and environmental performance of the top 10 U.S. ports

Ports currently face increasing demands to address a variety of environmental issues and achieve sustainability objectives. Using insights from the resource-based view of firms, this study examines the link between economic performance (EP) and environmental performance (ENP) of the top 10 U.S. seaports. Geospatial modeling is used to capture pollution incidents that can be geographically dispersed; in addition, both a bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and an undesirable DEA model are used to measure port ENP and EP. Our findings are in general consistent with assertions that positive EP can be attained in conjunction with good environmental practices. Ports’ capabilities of strategic capital investment in physical assets, collaborative interorganizational processes, and performance monitoring are essential, while they pursue both economic and environmental goals simultaneously.     

基于稳定性理论的张力腿平台横摇固有周期分析

文章以稳定性理论为基础提出了一种张力腿平台横摇固有周期计算模型,分析了横摇临界角对平台横摇稳定性的影响,并将其应用于分析平台设计参数对横摇固有周期的影响。提出在一个横摇周期里,最后稳定横摇临界角对应的时间历程为1/4横摇固有周期这一假设,基于此假设,编制计算机计算程序,计算横摇运动中每一个横摇角,判断其稳定性,找出一个横摇周期内最后稳定横摇临界角对应的时间历程,求解横摇运动固有周期。考虑两种横摇阻尼情况,计算不同初始横摇角、横摇下沉位移、张力腱长度、平台重量和横摇阻尼的横摇固有周期,论证了平台设计参数对横摇固有周期的影响。该计算模型克服了从结构角度计算固有周期工作量大、计算周期长、计算结果不可靠的弱点,使横摇固有周期计算简单、有效。通过与不考虑横摇阻尼的情况对比,分析了横摇阻尼对横摇固有周期的影响。可以快速计算处于设计阶段或者已服役张力腿平台横摇固有周期。结合一型设计中的张力腿平台,应用文中提出的横摇固有周期计算模型对该平台进行了横摇固有周期的计算,并且分析了平台参数对横摇固有周期的影响。结果表明该方法可以对张力腿平台横摇固有周期进行快速计算。并可推广应用于其它海上结构物的横摇固有周期计算。     

水平荷载作用下两种桩土模拟算法对高桩码头横向排架的影响

以某码头工程为例,横向排架按柔性桩台考虑,将实际结构图简化得到其计算简图;基于m法和假想嵌固点法,分别采用弹性嵌固和固端约束模拟桩土相互作用,利用ANSYS建立2种有限元模型计算水平力作用下横向排架的内力和变形;采用SPSS对计算结果进行数据统计分析。结果显示:当显著水平α取0.05时,采用m法和假想嵌固点法计算桩土相互作用对水平力作用下横向排架的内力和变形的影响无显著差异。     

国内某电厂配套码头工程设计

综合分析国内某电厂码头工程的总平面布置、装卸工艺、电厂重大件吊装、结构设计、环保设计等,创新性地提出将电厂码头与取水口一体化布置以及利用卸煤码头平台进行电厂重大件吊装的方案,并提出多项优化码头布置的合理措施。节约了长江岸线资源,减少粉尘和水体污染,降低工程总投资,可供同类工程借鉴。     

基于案例推理的交通基础设施PPP项目再谈判触发点识别研究

为了减少再谈判的发生,降低管理成本,提高效率,提出基于案例推理的再谈判触发点识别模型。首先,运用粗糙集理论对初始案例特征属性进行约简,并综合使用熵权法和层次分析法对各案例特征属性权重进行优化; 然后,通过案例总体相似度检索与拟建PPP项目相似的源案例,识别出拟建项目最有可能发生的再谈判触发点; 最后,以深圳梧桐山隧道PPP项目为例,验证模型的合理性与有效性,同时,提出相应的事前预防措施。