泰梅港东段综合治理工程设计

金汇镇泰梅港东段由于沿岸有污染源,水体黑臭,严重影响沿岸人民生产、生活,且威胁到相邻水厂的水源保护地。该文在调查分析的基础上,提出控制污染源、治理污染底泥和水体、沟通水系的工程方案,以恢复水体水质Ⅳ-Ⅵ类为目标,满足工农业、水产养殖用水为原则,设计一个完整的治理方案。     

城市道路交通噪声的对策研究

城市道路交通噪声严重影响城市居民正常工作和休息,降低工作效率,危害身心健康。文中分析了城市道路交通噪声的污染危害及产生原因,从噪声源、传播途径、城市规划管理及法律法规4个方面提出了交通噪声的治理措施。重点分析研究了交通噪声传播规律,并提出了城市交通噪声控制方法和对策。     

新能源插电式混合动力汽车馈电时控制逻辑的分析与驾驶体验优化 ——不同混动架构与驾驶体验以及与能耗之间的关系分析

时代的发展使得环境污染问题愈发严重,机动车成为排放污染物的重要贡献者.因此,发展新能源汽车具有很强的战略性必要性.常见的混合动力汽车可粗略分为两大类:HEV普通型混合动力汽车;PHEV插电式混合动力汽车.前者的代表性车型为:丰田普锐斯、一汽丰田卡罗拉双擎.后者的代表车型为:比亚迪秦、荣威Ei6等国产车型.特殊车型为传祺...     

A methodological approach for environmental characterization of ports

This paper introduces a methodology for the characterization of ports, employing specifically defined eco-efficiency indicators and combining typically available data (handled cargo, containers and passengers) with ship exhaust pollutants values (mainly NO_x, SO_x and PM) and anticipated external costs (ECs) due to emitted air pollutants to provide a collective overview of all port-related economic and environmental activities. The results from an applied case study allow a comparative evaluation of 16 selected ports based on 17 different evaluation criteria and denote that the employment of such an overall approach can allow port authorities to improve managerial aspects, potentially lower operational costs and promote reduced environmental effects.     

The costs and benefits of a nitrogen emission control area in the Baltic and North Seas

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic justification of implementing a Nitrogen Emission Control Area (NECA), starting 2021, for ships in the Baltic Sea and/or the North Sea and English Channel. We analyse the potential for emission reduction, emission control costs, and monetised benefits following the introduction of a NECA. Costs and benefits are compared for 2030. We compile new data on emission control costs for shipping, use the GAINS model for calculations of emission dispersion, and the Alpha-RiskPoll model for estimating monetary values of health impacts. The model results show that costs to conform to the NO_X regulations of a NECA in the Baltic Sea, North Sea or both sea regions would be 111 (100–123), 181 (157–209), and 230 (195–273) million € per year, respectively. Corresponding benefits from reduced emissions are estimated to be 139 (56–294), 869 (335–1882), and 1007 (392–2177) million € per year, respectively. Calculated benefits surpass costs for most scenarios, but less convincingly for a Baltic Sea NECA. Conforming to the NECA regulations by using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion engines is estimated to give the highest net benefits but also the largest variation (costs: 153 (88–238), benefits: 1556 (49–3795) million €/year). The variations are mainly due to uncertainties in the valuation of avoided fatalities and climate impacts. It is concluded that the NECAs for the Baltic and North Seas can be justified using CBA under all but extreme assumptions.     

A system based approach to develop hybrid model predicting extreme urban NOx and PM2.5 concentrations

One of the major drawbacks of conventional air quality models is their inability in accurately predicting extreme air pollutant concentrations. Hybrid modelling is one of the techniques that estimates/predicts the ‘entire range’ of the distribution of pollutant concentrations by combining the deterministic based models (capable in predicting average range) with suitable statistical (probability) distribution models (capable in predicting extreme range). This research paper describes system based approach in developing hybrid model to predict hourly averages as well as extreme percentile ranges of NO_x and PM_2.5 concentrations at two urban locations having complex traffic heterogeneity, highly variable tropical meteorology and different geographical characteristics. At one of the selected locations i.e. Delhi megacity, during winters, hybridization of AERMOD and Lognormal predicts NO_x and PM_2.5 concentrations satisfactorily with index of agreement ‘d’ values of 0.98–0.99, respectively; however, during summers, AERMOD-Log-logistic and AERMOD-Lognormal are best predicting NO_x and PM_2.5 concentrations with d values of 0.98–0.96, respectively. In another, i.e., Chennai, a coastal megacity, AERMOD-Lognormal predicts PM_2.5 concentrations satisfactorily with d values of 0.98 and 0.99 during winter and summer seasons, respectively. Further, hybrid model has also been used to evaluate regulatory compliance.     

A forecast air pollution model applied to a hypothetical urban road pricing scheme: An empirical study in Madrid

Reducing the air pollution from increases in traffic congestion in large cities and their surroundings is an important problem that requires changes in travel behavior. Road pricing is an effective tool for reducing air pollution, as reflected currently urban road pricing outcomes (Singapore, London, Stockholm and Milan). A survey was conducted based on establishing a hypothetical urban road pricing system in Madrid (a random sample size n = 1298). We developed a forecast air pollution model with time series analysis to evaluate the consequences of possible air pollution decreases in Madrid. Results reveal that the hypothetical road pricing for Madrid could have highly significant effects on decreasing air pollution outside of the city and in the inner city during the peak operating time periods of maximum congestion (morning peak hours from 7:00 to 10:00 and evening peak hours from 18:00 to 20:00). Furthermore, this system could have significant positive effects on a shift toward using public transport and non-motorized modes inside the hypothetical toll zone. This reveals that the system has a high capacity to motivate a decrease in air pollution and impose more sustainable behavior for public transport users.     

舰船厕所恶臭污染物治理方法

针对舰船厕所恶臭污染物净化效果不佳,长航期间空气质量差的现状,综述了现有多种恶臭污染物净化方法,对比分析各种方法在舰船厕所这一特定环境下的适用性,提出恶臭污染物源头治理和扩散过程净化相结合的综合治理方法,并给出实现工程化应用需要解决的重点问题.     

The significant impacts on traffic and emissions of ferrying children to school in Beijing

After having implemented numerous regulations, e.g., coercive policies on vehicle use and purchase, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find further potential to control vehicle emissions in Beijing, as the air quality is still poor. This research provides a different approach for policy-makers to reduce vehicle emissions by managing demand. We found that parents ferrying their children to and from school is an important but long-neglected contributor to traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. This phenomenon is very common in China because of the social culture. In this research, parallel tests during both the school season and the non-school season were adopted, and emissions in both seasons were calculated based on travel demand and emission models. The results revealed that emissions factors (in g/km) for criteria pollutants and CO₂ increased by over 10% during rush hours during the school season due to traffic condition deterioration compared with non-school season. Daily HC, CO, NO_x, PM and CO₂ emissions from the passenger car fleet were 8.3%, 7.8%, 6.4%, 6.3% and 6.5% higher compared with those during the non-school season, respectively. These differences are greater than the total vehicular emission reduction by other control measures in 2014 in Beijing. For policy makers, providing safe and efficient ways to ferry children would be a useful and harmonious strategy for future vehicle emission control.     

铀矿石运输集散地—久长车站放射性污染与防护措施研究

该研究全面地调查了铀矿石集散地放射性污染状况及动态，分析测定了久长车站及周围环境土壤、水源、粮食作物中铀、钍、镭及总α、总β放射性水平、站内外地表β、γ辐射强度，劳保用品、运输车辆的污染状况，水源及空气中氡的浓度。基本摸清了久长车站及周围地域的放射性水平、分布规律、动态变化及采取防护措施的效果。