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31.
Ching-Chih Chang Chih-Min Wang 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(3):185-189
The paper evaluates the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce these pollutants in port areas, based on a newly developed assessment model to calculate emissions. The case study found that the strategy of reducing the ship’s speed to 12 knots is most effective in cutting fuel consumption and costs, as well as emissions. Adopting an onshore power supply system could reduce CO2 emission by 57.16% and PM by 39.4%. By adopting the strategies of both reduced speed and cold ironing emissions control, a reduction in emissions of 71% to 91% can be achieved with a 20 nautical mile reduced speed zone. Therefore, the goals of reductions in emissions to improve port areas air quality could be achieved through adopting a green port policy in the future. 相似文献
32.
Chen Chen 《Maritime Policy and Management》2018,45(7):944-961
Ports and cities are intrinsically linked. Port city, which serves as a link between the local and global economy, is an integration of both urban and port systems. Constrained by different regional structures, port cities have developed various formulations over time. Using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this paper proposes a new method for measuring the sustainable development of different port city systems. While the previous empirical studies often separate the port system and the urban system, this paper assesses the two systems in an integrated way. Moreover, this paper develops a systematic methodology for measurement of sustainability. Twenty world-leading container port cities are selected for this study using contemporary data. The DEA results display their relative differences in levels of sustainable development, which reveal the effectiveness of the prevailing policies in them. Eventually, recommendations are drawn for other port cities by referring to the best practices. 相似文献
33.
This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts. 相似文献
34.
Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them. 相似文献
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为了优化资源,降低物流成本,提高物流运输可靠度和速度,需要建立恰当的西南公路出海(辅助)通道的物流运作模式,以充分发挥出西南公路出海(辅助)通道基础建设的效益. 相似文献
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针对船舶六自由度转台电液伺服系统的参数整定问题,提出一种基于多目标遗传算法和多属性决策的PID参数设计方法,综合考虑了系统超调量、稳定时间和ITAE指标,采用多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解。使用客观赋权的信息熵法对最优解的属性进行权值计算,然后采用逼近理想解的排序方法(TOP—SIS)进行多属性决策(MADM)研究。计算了转台电液伺服控制的数值算例,结果表明本文提出的联合方法通用性好,所设计的PID性能优异,适合工程实际应用。 相似文献
39.
为给政府制定应对策略提供决策支持,基于航班运行数据分析了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航造成的影响。通过分析2003年“非典”和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航影响的差异,基于情景假设对2020年民航运输发展形势进行了预测分析,并提出有关政策建议。研究结果表明:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航市场需求造成了严重的冲击,2020年民航运输形势不容乐观,预计年旅客运输量同比基本持平或下降10.9%。政府部门需在做好疫情防控期间运输保障工作的同时,加快出台积极的产业政策以支撑民航发展。 相似文献
40.
幸福感、生活质量和幸福正逐渐影响众多不同领域,例如经济、国家标准和公共健康。尽管心理幸福感的重要性日益受到重视,但却鲜有人关注交通系统对生活满意度的影响。首先,探讨幸福感在交通政策中所发挥的作用,并阐述幸福感对未来交通政策的启发作用。其次,回顾心理学文献,提出一个假设的模型即交通会通过提高重要生活领域的可达性或者物质环境的机动性及外部性从而对生活满意度产生间接或直接影响。对交通领域的初步研究为该模型提供了支持。最后,阐述政策建议和可使用该框架进行研究的领域。 相似文献