Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。     

古石背隧道岩溶段的综合治理

溶洞洞穴的存在易造成隧道围岩塌陷压垮二衬或悬空造成开裂等病害,给隧道施工、运营安全造成威胁。针对古石背隧道施工在隧道拱顶、侧面、拱脚、仰拱底部等位置出现岩溶洞穴的情况,根据溶洞对隧道不同影响和施工条件,采用了清除充填物、回填片石夯实或砼、注浆加固填充物、钢筋砼护拱、钢筋砼板跨越、封闭地表塌陷、疏排地表水等综合治理措施,施工结果表明治理是成功的。     

贮存系统的联合维修策略

为了保证贮存系统的可用性,需要对其故障与否进行检测,针对该问题提出了包含定期检查和预先更换的维修策略。为了协调部件更换和备件供应,联合考虑了连续检查的（0,1）订货策略,所以联合维修策略包括维修策略和备件供应策略。基于联合策略建立了一个规划模型,在满足可用度约束条件下最小化平均总费用。基于更新过程,推导了贮存系统服从一般寿命分布的性能指标。以威布尔寿命分布为例,结果表明联合策略比独立策略更有效。     

电子设备测试场中的电磁辐射与防护

电子设备测试场是复杂电磁环境,是电磁辐射富集的地方,电磁辐射对人体健康的影响已经引起人们的普遍关注。文章介绍了电磁辐射对参试人员身体健康的危害及其作用原理,并讨论了其防护措施。     

干扰功率控制技术在雷达抗干扰测试中的应用

研究基于等效模型的功率控制方法在雷达抗干扰性能测试中的技术应用。介绍了功率控制技术的提出背景和技术特点,重点分析了功率控制的等效模型和设计方法。详细叙述了功率控制技术在雷达抗干扰测试中的一个典型应用。     

曹妃甸三十万吨原油码头溢油风险分析与防控

渤海湾为中国内海,沿海工业企业密集,经济发达,海洋生态环境对经济的发展起着巨大的支撑作用。而渤海湾海洋生态脆弱,海体自然循环一次约需80年,任何污染事故的发生对经济影响都极为严重,因此加强对油品运输码头监管,消除隐患、杜绝事故发生、保持渤海海洋环境清洁显得尤为重要。文中着重针对曹妃甸三十万吨原油码头溢油风险与污染防控展开分析论述,并提出看法和建议。     

《2006年海事劳工公约》履约对策分析

《2006年海事劳工公约》的通过,将对世界海运业产生广泛而深远的影响。文中通过对公约基本内容、主要特点及实施前景等方面的介绍,分析了公约的生效实施对我国航运业产生的影响。在此基础上,进一步从加强公约研究、加快国内相关立法及建立起与国际接轨的相应管理体制和模式等方面提出了应对公约生效实施的对策和建议。     

IMO自愿审核机制下我国海事监管对策研究

国际海事组织（IM0）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分简要介绍了IMO自愿审核机制,分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国海事监管工作带来的影响;第三部分通过对自愿审核机制的认识,尝试性地提出我国海事主管机关应对自愿审核的对策性建议。     

防治船舶污染 构建生态航运

文中通过分析船舶污染特征,提出船舶污染防治的对策与措施,以保护和建设水资源生态环境,实现航运事业与水资源生态环境的协调、可持续发展。