Development of Beach Analysis Tools for Caribbean Small Islands

Beach erosion presents a hazard to coastal tourism facilities, which provide the main economic thrust for most Caribbean small islands (CSIs). Ad hoc approaches to addressing this problem have given way to the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach, which recommends data collection, analysis of coastal processes, and assessment of impacts. UNESCO's Coast and Beach Stability in the Caribbean (COSALC) project has provided most CSIs with an opportunity to monitor their beaches and collect over 10 years of data. Research has been directed at integrating these data with geographic information systems (GIS) and other information technologies to develop a prototype beach analysis and management system (BAMS) for CSIs. This article presents the results of phase I development of this effort, which includes the development of tools for integrating spatial and non-spatial coastal data, estimating long-term beach erosion/accretion and sand volume change trends at individual beaches, identifying erosion-sensitive beaches, and mapping beach erosion hazards. The Southeast Peninsula, St. Kitts, is used as a case study to develop these tools and demonstrate system functionality.     

The U.S. national marine sanctuary program: An analysis of the program's implementation and current issues

Abstract

The U.S. National Marine Sanctuary Program was established in 1972 by Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. §1431 et seq.). In this article, we discuss the development of the sanctuary concept, and the original intent of Congress, and analyze how it was applied by the sanctuary program. Differences in interpretation of the program's purpose are examined, including discussion of the multiple‐use management concept, an important but controversial management technique used in the sanctuaries. The continuing efforts by Congress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to clarify the program's purpose are investigated. The program's administrative history is explained and the current sanctuaries and active candidates are briefly described. In light of the 1988 reauthorization of the Marine Sanctuary Act, the current issues facing the program are analyzed. Finally, we draw conclusions and make recommendations for the program's future.     

对高校用工制度实行人事代理制工作的思考

人事代理是在人才交流服务的基础上发展起来的新的人事管理制度,是伴随着市场经济发展和人事制度改革进程应运而生的,是人才交流服务从粗放型向集约型转变的有效途径。高职高专院校实行人事代理制度几年来实现了预想的初步效果,但也出现了许多问题,需要通过进一步深化改革予以解决。     

滚动式安全隐患排查机制在海事监管中的运用

滚动式安全隐患排查机制是指运用系统、科学的方法,周期性地对辖区存在的安全隐患进行排查、评估、排序,制定整改措施,消除安全隐患,此机制是海事长效监管机制的重要组成部分。经过近年来运行、实践和探索,明确了海事监管中存在的突出问题和薄弱环节,逐步实现了从被动处理问题到主动引导航运安全健康发展、从过多依靠专项治理向长效管理转变。     

Noaa's marine sanctuary program

Abstract

Authority to designate marine sanctuaries was established by Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972. One may view this authority as the ocean water counterpart to our National Parks and Seashores. Contained herein is a discussion of the components of the Title and how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) plans to carry out the program. Nominations received to date are briefly discussed.     

Champions as Influencers of Science Uptake into Australian Coastal Zone Policy

Australia's coastal environments are exposed to great pressures. Adequate policy and management measures are required to ensure the protection of coastal assets now and for future generational use. However, recent government reports and academic literature have highlighted that improved science uptake into policy is needed to ensure coastal communities are protected from impacts such as climate change. The literature suggests that individuals, coined champions, can play an important role in influencing the use of science by policymakers. However, a paucity of research exists surrounding the role of these individuals. This research explores the role of champions in enabling science uptake into policy in the Australian coastal zone, investigating champion characteristics and strategies used in influencing policymakers. A mixed-methods approach to the research was employed, integrating a paper/online survey of people involved in Australian coastal management and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with champions nominated by their peers from the survey. Fourteen key coastal champion characteristics were identified from the survey. Furthermore, the champion interviews identified strategies for influencing science use by policymakers. From these findings a conceptual model was created. In order to enable coastal champions to be fostered, a six-step process was developed that incorporates the use of the conceptual model.     

长江口深水航道挖泥船在AIS输入与使用中存在的问题和建议

由于长江口深水航道向外延伸或者大风浪期间引航接送作业区向里移到D18灯标附近,因此疏浚工程中挖泥船的AIS是否正确输入显得比以往更重要。通过AIS接收挖泥船广播的信息,发现大多数挖泥船在AIS输入、使用中存在或多或少的问题。文中提出了挖泥船在AIS中如何正确输入与使用的建议,以期能对管理和使用挖泥船的相关人员有所帮助。     

营造市场导向型企业文化的几点建议

企业建立市场导向型营销战略对企业的发展十分重要,分析了企业内部市场营销部与研究开发部门,财务部门等常见的矛盾。阐述了企业内各部门努力营造市场导向型企业文化的做法。对企业领导如何重视市场导向型文化提出了建议。     

当前宏观经济两难下的政策选择

传统的宏观经济两难是指经济增长与通货膨胀相伴，为了抑制通货膨胀所采取的提高利率的做法往往也抑制了经济增长．我国目前的宏观经济两难主要是指在投资拉动的经济增长情况下，虽然没有出现通货膨胀，但消费率处于很低的水平．为了抑制投资采取的提高利率和汇率的做法可能进一步抑制了消费，在这种情况下，宏观经济政策的选择应该以财政政策为主，并且主要是政府帮助居民增加消费的财政政策．     

Traffic models for goods,service and business movements to manufacturing establishments

This paper is concerned with a problem area of increasing interest, namely the traffic characteristics of specific generators located on non‐residential land use. It concentrates on the problem of modelling traffic generation for goods, service and business movements at the manufacturing establishment. Firstly the contributions of earlier researchers are reviewed in the context of factors which have been considered important. Then a further study conducted by the author in Sheffield and in Manchester, England, is described. This study considers more rigorously than hitherto the questions of similarities in trip rates over different manufacturing activities and geographical areas, and of the choice of explanatory variables. Comparison of regressions is used to formalize indications of similarities in trip rates, and analysis of variance for choosing the most satisfactory explanatory variables. The study provides evidence of similarity in trip rates over seven different manufacturing activities and two geographical areas. It also shows distinctions between different non‐work traffic types in the extent of similarities in trip rates over different manufacturing activities and in explanatory variables for traffic generation relationships. Regarding the latter it is concluded that it is not possible to model accurately such traffic movements on the basis of explanatory variables which are normally available. Instead trip rates should be expressed in simple mathematical terms and should be based on large data populations. The study also makes contributions on peak flow factors for the actual design of facilities of manufacturing establishments. These findings and others are discussed in the context of the work of earlier researchers. Finally conclusions are drawn and guidance offered for future work into this problem.