严寒地区预制件冬季施工技术

通过工程实例,介绍了严寒地区利用冬休期进行预制件生产的方案设计、工程措施以及实施过程。     

公路隧道光面爆破技术探讨

随着新奥法在公路隧道施工中的广泛应用,与之配套的光面爆破技术也越来越引起工程技术人员的重视。只有光面爆破做得好,新奥法施工的优势才能更好地体现,围岩自身的承载力才能充分发挥。从光面爆破机理、光面爆破参数选择和光面爆破影响因素几方面介绍如何提高光面爆破的效率,以节约工程成本。     

基于多因素综合评判的路段安全分析

分析了道路安全运营的影响因素,建立了基于道路设施、交通工程设施、交通管理设施、气候因素、交通环境因素的5类评价要素的指标体系.提出采用多因素综合评价的模糊数学方法,并基于5个要素对路段进行安全等级的划分.结合算例说明采用多因素综合评判的模糊数学方法对道路路段安全的等级进行划分的过程.     

农村客运发展滞后成因的帕雷托方法解析——以广东省为例

“三农”问题是中国社会经济发展的重中之重,农村客运的发展是“三农”问题在交通运输领域中的集中表现。社会经济的“二元结构”,形成了农村客运发展长期落后,并且长久以来未能有效解决问题。文中旨在运用帕雷托方法,试图寻找阻碍农村客运发展的主要或关键因素,为农村客运的决策、主管部门和客运企业解决农村客运发展的“瓶颈”问题提供合理有效的科学依据。     

膨胀土地区边坡稳定性探讨

探讨了成都膨胀土的一些物理、化学性质,以吸力经验公式为基础,结合某路堤边坡工程,分析了膨胀土吸力对边坡稳定性的影响。采用“条分法”分别按照均质边坡、无孔隙水压力,均质土坡、有孔隙水压力,均质土坡、有孔隙水压力且坡顶开裂三种工况对膨胀土边坡稳定性进行预测分析,计算结果表明后两种情况下边坡的稳定性大大降低,并提出了防止边坡失稳相应的工程措施。     

轨道车辆车轮多边形研究进展

针对轨道车辆普遍存在的车轮多边形问题, 从轨道车辆的稳定性、曲线通过能力、平稳性三方面阐述车轮多边形对轨道车辆动力学性能的影响, 从疲劳寿命角度评价车轮多边形对车辆-轨道系统零部件的影响; 基于轮轴和轨道结构特性、轮轨间动力作用、车轮材料及加工工艺方面研究, 对车轮多边形形成机理进行了归类; 归纳了车轮多边形产生的影响及其成因, 概括了现有车轮多边形检测与控制方法; 提出了车轮多边形研究展望, 为后续车轮多边形问题研究提供参考。研究结果表明: 车轮多边形会威胁到车辆系统稳定性, 降低车辆的曲线通过性能及车辆平稳性, 影响了旅客乘坐舒适性, 并对车辆-轨道零部件产生共振疲劳损伤; 轮轴共振是引起低速车辆车轮多边形的原因之一, 钢轨在外部激励下的响应以及局部模态与车轮多边形的形成也有必然联系, 轮轨摩擦振动则普遍适用于解释所有轨道车辆车轮多边形的产生, 车轮自身材质特性及制造镟修工艺也是车轮多边形现象发生的潜在因素; 动静态检测是处理车轮多边形现象的方法之一, 另外就是通过优化车辆-轨道系统结构、加强车轮生产工艺、对车轮踏面圆度及时修正等措施实现对车轮多边形现象的控制; 目前, 镟修仍是车轮多边形最直接处理手段, 应当改善镟修工艺。     

Determination of wholesome elements and heavy metals in safflower （Carthamus tinctorius I.. ） from Xinjiang and Henan by

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Hen     

基于单源模糊数的模糊有限元方程的解法

在单源模糊情况下,一个模糊数可以分解成为一个实数和一个单位模糊数。在求解这类模糊有限元时,可先将模糊因素分离出来,然后再按常规有限元方法求解,最后再处理含有模糊因素的结果。这样做不仅可以减少由于以往先处理模糊因素所需要的工作量,而且更利于工程技术人员对于该结构的分析和研究。     

Chemical and mineralogical composition of marine sediments, and relation to their source and transport, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia

The Gulf of Carpentaria is an epicontinental sea, deeply indented in the north of the Australian continent. A selection of 100 samples of the surficial marine sediments collected on a regional grid were analysed for major chemical elements and mineral phases using wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction, optical and electronic microscopy.The surficial sediments of the Gulf are highly heterogenous and consist of both young and relict mineral and carbonate components. The terrigenous fraction is fluvial in origin and consists mainly of quartz (16–68%), minor feldspars (0–9%) and traces of siderite. The clay species determined include kaolinite, mixed layers of smectite–illite and illite; clays range up to 15% and do not present a clear pattern of distribution. Biologically productive areas of the Gulf, mainly in shallower parts, supply the carbonate component of the sediment. The carbonate material is comprised of aragonite (7–30%), low-Mg (5–30%) and high-Mg calcite (7–28%), and has variable degrees of alteration caused by sediment transport and/or diagenesis. Such processes are partly reflected in the regional distribution of mineral and chemical components throughout the Gulf. The interpretation of the data set was further refined by cluster analysis (Ward's method), which separated eight clusters (provinces) of sedimentary material. The eastern side appears to be the main source of both terrigenous and carbonate sediment, which is inferred to be transported clockwise. During this dispersion, physicochemical and mineralogical changes take place; the sediments become finer grained and characterised by more stable species of carbonates. As a consequence, the center and the northwest sections are clay-rich and contain dominantly low-Mg calcite.Ooids are relict components that have been identified in areas in which they were not mentioned by previous studies, notably in the southeast. These carbonate particles consist of concentric layers of aragonite deposited around a nucleus of angular quartz, most likely of fluvial origin.This study indicates a complex history over a short time frame with sediment supply, biological production and current patterns being the main factors that control the sediment character and its regional distribution within the Gulf.     

波浪入射角及地形对浮体水动力学特性影响的有限元分析

  目的  边界元法在海洋工程水动力学中有着广阔的应用前景,为推广边界元法在海洋工程水动力学中的应用,  方法  根据边界积分法建立积分方程,采用参数化单元边界元法对势流问题进行求解,得出流场速度势。对经典算例进行数值计算,与数学解析解比较,并进行误差分析。在二维问题下,分别采用非连续参数化单元和参数化单元边界元法求解势流速度场问题;在三维问题下,采用参数化单元边界元法求解势流速度场问题。  结果  结果显示,在二维问题下,采用非连续参数化单元边界元法求解势流问题具有较高的精度和效率,可以在采用较少单元数的情况下得到较为理想的数值解;在三维问题下采用参数化单元边界元法虽然计算速度较快,并可以得到较好的平均相对精度,但有些点误差较大,需要改进算法或使用其他单元进行求解。  结论  参数化单元边界元法在求解海洋工程势流问题时,数值计算实现过程更简洁,可发展成为求解船舶兴波等船舶水动力学问题的通用方法。