基于双结构元素数学形态学的铁轨图像边缘检测方法

针对铁轨图像在采集过程中经常受到不同程度的噪声影响,传统边缘检测方法难以检测并提取准确的铁轨边缘.文中通过分析灰度数学形态学抗噪图像边缘检测的常用方法,提出基于不同几何形状及大小的双结构元素抗噪数学形态学铁轨图像边缘检测算法.并应用这种算法对掺杂有噪声的铁轨弯道图像边缘进行铁轨边缘检测,实验结果表明:该方法具有比传统经典边缘检测方法更好的铁轨弯道边缘检测及提取效果.     

海堤波浪浅水变形的简化计算

对浙江地区海堤工程涉及的波浪浅水变形计算问题进行了分析研究,基于《浙江省海塘工程技术规定》及微积分原理,推导了波浪浅水变形后的波高直接计算解析式,并对平底海床、单斜坡海床、分段折线海床及三次抛物曲线海床情形下的波浪浅水变形计算进行了研究,分别给出了简洁计算解析式,以便于工程师计算参考,达到提高设计进度的目的。最后通过工程实例计算,验证了该波高直接计算解析式的精度完全满足工程要求。     

客运专线运营成本组成要素分析

论述客运专线运营成本的特点,在参考和借鉴国外高速铁路及我国既有线的运营经验及研究成果基础上,重点分析客运专线运营成本中电力、材料、折旧、工资、资本成本5个组成要素的支出科目及成本构成情况,提出控制客运专线运营成本的措施,可以为我国客运专线建设和运营提供参考意见。     

浅谈基础美学在景观设计中的应用

该文从基础美学法则,包括平面构成、设计基础元素、色彩应用等,初步探讨其在景观设计中的相互关系和应用。从美学的共性中找出适合景观设计的某些特定法则。     

深圳地铁地震反应分析

根据深圳地铁抗震设计需要,对深圳地铁的3种典型断面,采用释放荷载方法进行了平面有限元静力计算,确定初始应力场,采用子空间迭代法进行了振型计算,确定合理的积分步长。在此基础上,运用Newmark隐式时间积分法对地铁的3种典型断面进行了地震反应分析,确定了在地震荷载作用下衬砌结构的薄弱部位及其相互的位移和应力,计算结果为深圳地铁的抗震设计提供了依据。     

导游欢迎词的中英文互译要领

导游欢迎词决定游客对导游人员产生＂第一印象＂的好坏。本文从欢迎词的定义,分类,五大要素的讲解入手,通过中英文欢迎词的范文、例子和常用套语、句型充分讲解导游欢迎词的翻译要点。     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

经验过程的一般加权大数定律

研究了经验过程中加权系数具有某些较弱性质的加权和收敛问题.利用经验过程中已有的几个概率不等式与一般加权和的对称化不等式,得到了经验过程中的独立同分布随机元序列的这类加权和的强、弱大数定律成立的充分条件(E‖f(X0)‖1/αG<∞).同时,对经验过程中的Cesaro大数定律和欧拉弱大数定律进行了推广.     

考虑构件抗扭刚度的高层建筑结构抗扭计算

结构刚度中心与质量中心偏差较大时,应考虑扭转的不利影响,将高层建筑结构等效为悬臂杆,从顶至底依次选取脱离体。根据位移协调条件,将结构的位移分解成平动与转动成分,得到相应的结构平动时构件所承担的剪力与结构转动时构件所承担的剪力,再根据力的平衡条件,推导出双向地震作用下考虑构件抗扭刚度时结构的线弹性扭转角,并对构件的剪力及变形进行了修正。算例表明,考虑构件抗扭刚度时结构的线弹性扭转角、构件的剪力与变形均减小。该方法概念清楚,符合工程实际。