黏性场地列车荷载影响下衬砌半渗透边界盾构隧道诱发地表固结沉降解

列车荷载作用下衬砌长期渗漏会显著影响软土盾构隧道周围土体的固结沉降，对邻近环境和地铁的安全运营造成不良影响。针对盾构隧道周围土体固结沉降的既有理论研究一般多考虑衬砌不透水条件，较少考虑衬砌渗漏水及列车荷载耦合作用对于地层固结沉降的影响。引入隧道衬砌半渗透边界和列车三角形循环时效荷载，基于Terzaghi-Rendulic固结理论，采用Boltzmann三元件模型模拟土体流变效应，推导了列车荷载作用下黏弹性地层盾构隧道渗漏水诱发的土体超孔隙水压力消散和地表固结沉降的复变函数解析表达式，并与6个工程实测数据进行对比，验证了所给出解析解的正确性与适用性。此外，通过参数分析讨论了衬砌-土体渗透比和列车荷载参数对土体固结沉降的影响。结果表明：衬砌-土体渗透比是影响盾构扰动地层固结快慢的主要影响因素，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，固结完成时间越早；列车荷载作用下，早期固结沉降速率相较于不考虑列车荷载时会有较明显的增加，但在列车荷载当量增加后，固结沉降速率的增长有所放缓，且其增量与衬砌-土体渗透比密切相关，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，沉降增加量则越大；隧道衬砌可以视为扰动地层的排水边界，其加速了土体固结沉降，而列车荷载与衬砌半渗透性耦合，进一步改变了土体固结沉降形态。     

Visibility mapping in New York's coastal zone: A case study of alternative methods

Abstract

Most scenery evaluation methodologies incorporate visibility extent. In New York's coastal zone, visibility mapping for planning and project studies is complicated by low topographic relief, and diverse configurations of water edge and upland surface character. A generalized visibility model has been developed, including macrolandscape, observer, and sight‐line recording. Based on a prior shorescape study of New York's coast, the Lake Ontario Port Bay site was selected to test alternative visibility methods. Within the study site, four “landscape control points”; were chosen which provided extensive views of representative land and water forms, and surface types. For each control point, four families of visibility mapping approaches were applied: primary (field observation); secondary (topographic maps and vertical air photo analysis); tertiary (physical topographic model); and quaternary (digital terrain computer model). Major study conclusions are: the methods require different resources; all methods readily produced visibility maps; all methods, except secondary, could be used to produce perspective scenes for subsequent content evaluation; all methods except primary omitted one or more elements of the general visibility model; all methods should incorporate field work due to critical viewer environment conditions; sensitivity analysis in each method produced ambiguous zones; each view map was different, particularly in the background. An integrated, multi‐approach strategy would appear desirable for most planning and project applications.     

A Participatory Approach to Marine Habitat Mapping in the Grenadine Islands

Increasing interest in implementing an ecosystem-based management approach has made stakeholder involvement vital and has highlighted the need for an effective participatory framework. In this study we used a participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) framework to collaboratively map the marine resources of the transboundary Grenadine Islands with a broad range of stakeholders from the two sovereign nations. We found the application of PGIS allowed the collective resolution of an appropriate mapping scale and a locally relevant habitat classification scheme that would not only serve the needs of resource managers, but could also be understood by resource users. Furthermore, multi-level stakeholder involvement in the mapping process captured resource use profiles and other fishing-related attributes, gave credibility to local knowledge and ownership of information, and was instrumental in building capacity to access and use the produced information. Lessons learned included the importance of investing considerable time early in the participatory process, which was later rewarded by stakeholder buy-in and led to financial and in-kind support. Furthermore, hosting the information in multiple formats on a project website has resulted in easy access and use by a wide range of stakeholders over a cross-country scale. We believe our experiences will be valuable to other practitioners considering using PGIS, particularly for those working in similar resource-limited, developing nation contexts.     

改进矩法在边坡可靠度分析中的应用

利用标准正态化转换多项式方法(SNTP)进行边坡可靠度分析,建立了精确的SNTP,并经过算例进行了验证;通过修正SNTP对高阶矩法进行了改进,利用边坡可靠度分析验证了其准确性和应用性。     

基于Matlab低温烟气焓值和比热分析

工业生产过程中很大一部分热量都以烟气的形式白白排放掉了。为了节约能源,对烟气的物性参数进行研究是非常有必要的。本文介绍了烟气焓值、比热容的计算方法,分为多项式拟合和高斯拟合。这两种方法得出的计算方程都很精确,能够为低温余热烟气焓值和比热计算提供依据。     

结构自重及摩擦系数作变量对直立式防波堤可靠度的影响*

在直立式防波堤的抗滑、抗倾可靠度分析中,通常将结构与基床间的摩擦系数f,直立式防波堤在水中的重力G及其引起的稳定力矩MG均作为定值处理,而忽略三者的变动对可靠度的影响。以秦皇岛港燃料油基地的直立式防波堤为例,采用JC法、映射变换法及Monte Carlo模拟3种方法分别计算了摩擦系数f,自重G及其引起的稳定力矩MG作为定值和变量时直立式防波堤抗滑、抗倾的可靠性指标。结果表明：将摩擦系数f,自重G及其引起的稳定力矩MG均作为变量处理,得到的可靠性指标更精确、更符合实际情况;摩擦系数f的变动对直立式防波堤的可靠度影响较小,而自重G及其引起的稳定力矩MG二者的变动对直立式防波堤的可靠度影响较大。     

随机数的产生及其在高炮射击命中仿真中的应用

文章对服从均匀分布的随机数生成进行了探讨,给出了一种基于混沌映射原理的随机数发生器设计,经过统计检验后认为该方法可以生成高质量的随机数。给出了防空兵作战实验系统中高炮射击仿真的过程,将生成的随机数应用于仿真系统后对结果进行了分析。     

基于亮度特性的高空间分辨率遥感影像阴影处理研究

在高密度的城市环境中,建筑物产生的阴影遮挡了许多重要信息,导致车辆信息提取不准确甚至无法提取,因此对阴影的处理显得尤为重要.利用遥感影像阴影的几何特征和光谱特征,采用基于亮度的阴影检测方法,通过双峰曲线选取合适的亮度阈值把阴影和光照区进行分割;并用灰度线性映射的阴影补偿方法,通过线性映射对阴影区域进行信息补偿,对高空间分辨率遥感影像的样本数据中的阴影进行试验处理和结果分析,结果证明这一方法是行之有效的.     

Iterative Processes with Errors for Generalized Set-Valued φ-Hemi-contractive Mapping in Banach Spaces

Introduction Variational inequality is one of the most interest-ing and important mathematical problems and hasbeen studied intensively in the past years since theyhave wide applications to mechanics, physics, opti-mization and control, nonlinear programm…     

概念格的分层及逐层建格法

给出了分层概念格重要性质:同层概念不可比和每个概念至少被1个上层的概念覆盖.得到了概念格上的对象映射和属性映射的一般计算公式和在对象化简过程中格结构不变的定理.由上述性质和定理,给出建格算法.此方法以概念格分层为基础,逐层建格.因为在建每层格的节点的过程中同时进行筛选,所以不会生成冗余重复的格节点.