基于滑模变结构的船用永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

电力推进在船舶动力系统中应用得越来越多,本文对船用永磁同步电机直接转矩控制进行仿真研究.针对传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中存在的磁链和转矩脉动较大,逆变器开关频率不稳定等问题,将滑模变结构控制策略引入.设计转矩和磁链2个滑模控制器,取代传统直接转矩控制中的2个滞环比较器,再运用空间矢量脉宽调制方法,控制电机运行.仿真结果表明这种控制策略能有效减小传统直接转矩控制存在的磁链和转矩脉动,实现逆变器开关频率恒定,并且对系统参数变化及外界扰动具有鲁棒性强的优点.     

基于相关性模型的舰船系统测试性建模与分析

本文提出一种基于相关性模型的舰船系统级产品的测试性建模与分析方法.该方法通过建立产品任务模型、相关性图示模型等,利用一阶相关性列矢量法求解产品的相关性数学模型,进而建立产品诊断树和进行测试性预计,并为优化产品诊断策略提供建议.同时,根据舰用燃气轮机滑油系统组成和任务特征,建立其典型任务模型并进行精简,并在此基础上进行测试性建模、诊断树建立、测试性预计以及诊断策略优化等工作,为舰船系统级产品的测试性建模、分析和诊断策略研究提供新思路和手段.     

营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标.由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到.上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性.监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测.     

Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km². Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km², could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.     

基于BIM设计的道岔设备建模方法研究

为了解决站场BIM设计中道岔与岔线建模繁琐、定位捕捉困难等问题,基于最新的OpenRail软件环境,对MicroStation直接建模和道岔设备抽象化线性建模两种思路进行比较分析。经研究,线性建模方法更适合站场BIM设计。针对线性建模手段,将道岔的主要设备及尺寸信息转化为标准化道岔库元素和标记,然后按抽象化的道岔元素及标记信息进行xml文件编程,得到了较好的应用体验。     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

拱墩降温对大跨桥上连续式无砟轨道竖向位移影响分析

受季节和日照的影响,高墩大跨拱桥混凝土结构会出现膨胀现象,从而引起桥墩顶部竖向位移的变化。为了研究拱墩降温对高墩大跨拱桥上连续式无砟轨道竖向位移和高低不平顺的影响,根据桥上连续式无砟轨道的结构和受力特征,参考国内某大跨度上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的实际参数,利用有限元方法,建立线-桥-墩一体化模型,分析拱墩降温对大跨拱桥上连续式无砟轨道的竖向位移和高低不平顺的影响。结果表明:拱墩降温引起的大跨桥上线路竖向位移较明显,设计时不可忽略;拱墩降温会引起线路高低不平顺,且对长波不平顺影响最严重;线路高低不平顺随降温幅度增加而增大,在年温差较大的地区目前不建议高墩大跨拱桥与连续式无砟轨道配合设计使用。     

真空预压软基处理工程监测

介绍真空预压软基处理工程中一些常用的监测手段及监测方法.结合工程实例,通过综合运用表层沉降监测、孔隙水压力监测、分层沉降监测、地下水位观测等手段,分析真空预压软土地基处理方法的加固效果,可供软土地基处理设计与施工参考.