公平理论参考下的供应链契约

以一个考虑公平关切行为的两级供应链Stackelberg博弈模型为研究对象,且零售商、供应商都是公平关切.文中以公平理论为参考下设置公平关切决策参考点,并在此基础上构建了考虑公平关切的效用函数,并研究了零售商在公平关切行为下对供应链最优决策和供应链协调的影响.研究表明:零售商的最优订货量随着供应商批发价格的增加而减少;零售商的最优订货量随其公平关切系数的增加而减少;在批发价格契约下,供应链不能达到系统最优,但是引进保险契约可以使供应链双方达到Pareto最优.最后通过算例分析对结论进行了验证.     

Fuel price elasticities in the U.S. combination trucking sector

This paper estimates fuel price elasticities of combination trucking operations in the United States between 1970 and 2012. We evaluate trucking operations in terms of vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption for combination trucks. Our explanatory variables include measures of economic activity, energy prices, and indicator variables that account for important regulatory shifts and changes in data collection and reporting in national transportation datasets. Our results suggest that fuel price elasticities in the United States’ trucking sector have shifted from an elastic environment in the 1970s to a relatively inelastic environment today. We discuss the importance of these results for policymakers in light of new policies that aim to limit energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles.     

Fuel demand,road transport pollution emissions and residents’ health losses in the transitional China

In recent years, China’s rapid economic growth resulted in serious air pollution, which caused substantial losses to economic development and residents’ health. In particular, the road transport sector has been blamed to be one of the major emitters. During the past decades, fluctuation in the international oil prices has imposed significant impacts on the China’s road transport sector. Therefore, inspired by Li and Zhou (2005), we propose an assumption that China’s provincial economies are independent “economic entities”. Based on this assumption, we investigate the China’s road transport fuel (i.e., gasoline and diesel) demand system by using the panel data of all 31 Chinese provinces except Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. To connect the fuel demand system and the air pollution emissions, we propose the concept of pollution emissions elasticities to estimate the air pollution emissions from the road transport sector, and residents’ health losses by a simplified approach consisting of air pollution concentrations and health loss assessment models under different scenarios based on real-world oil price fluctuations. Our framework, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to address the transmission mechanism between the fuel demand system in road transport sector and residents’ health losses in the transitional China.     

引入价格窗的定制公交线路优化研究

基于公共交通的公益性,综合考虑乘客与公交企业之间的权衡关系,以保证企业运营成本与服务更多乘客为目标,在浮动票价机制的框架下研究定制公交的线路优化问题。首先,引入价格窗概念,以描述乘客出行过程中的支付意愿,并定义基于时空窗与价格窗的出行需求特征;提 出超额均摊的票价支付假设规则,以在保证出行的基础上支付最少费用。其次,构建引入价格窗的整数线性规划模型,以乘客出行的时空窗和价格窗为输入,以企业运营成本最小化和服务乘客数最大化为目标,通过运营盈利约束来保证企业的运营成本,联合优化乘客-车辆匹配和车辆路径两个子问题。最后,采用GAMS软件进行建模和求解,在Sioux Falls网络开展算例分析。结果 表明,引入浮动票价机制可以服务更多的乘客,进而增加企业的运营收入,且在价格窗上界一定 的增幅内,所服务乘客数和企业的运营收入随价格窗上界增幅的扩大而增加。     

关于运输价格管理体制的探讨

阐述了我国现存运输价格管理体制的具体内容,分析了运价管理面临的问题,提出了我国今后的运价管理改革的相应对策。     

浅析汽车驾驶之节油技术

这些年以来,我们国家的汽车销售量正在变得越来越高。不管是城市里的人还是乡村里的人,拥有汽车的人数都在不断的上升,因此,汽车对能源的消耗量也在逐渐的升高。石油需要好几万年才能够形成,现在我们国家的石油已经不够我们使用的了,所以我们现在要开始重视汽车的节油技术。这篇文章就对汽车驾驶的节油技术进行了研究。     

工程价格管理改革的理论思考

针对传统工程造价管理的诸多弊端,从宏观和微观2个方面提出了工程价格管理改革的构想,并介绍了有关报价决策系统建立的理论依据,从而尽快建立起由政府宏观指导、企业自主报价和市场竞争形成价格的工程造价管理机制.     

运距工程量分析法在铁路外资标报价中的应用

针对铁路外资标工程量清单与<铁路基本建设工程设计概算编制办法>章节表口径不一致和运杂费计算要求不一样的具体情况,提出有别于传统运距分析方法的运距工程量分析法,从而采用针对性计算方法计算材料运杂费.     

自由竞争下道路收费定价的对策研究

基于对策论的原理,分析了高速公路和铁路运输的收费定价问题.以道路经营者为研究主体,建立了对策模型,研究在自由竞争的情况下高速公路和铁路一方的定价行为对另一方产生的影响.在双方都以利润最大化为目的前提下,得出影响收费定价的各个因素,以及双方在定价博弈中的相互制约程度,使收费定价达到均衡状态.给出了铁路公司与公路公司相互之间的反应函数,并通过此反应函数得到了最优均衡状态下的收费定价,在一定程度上为铁路和高速公路经营者提供了定价依据.     

浅谈当前建筑产品的承包价格

此文就建筑产品承包价格的性质、形成及实现，进行了探讨。