网络合作学习策略下的大学生英语思辨能力培养实证研究

我国大学英语新一轮教学改革特别强调应注重学思结合,其根本目标就是要提高学生的思辨能力、创新能力。作者将网络合作学习策略探索性的应用在大学英语课堂教学活动中,通过实验教学、问卷调查及访谈等方式开展实证研究。通过实验数据分析,发现网络合作学习策略在教学中的应用的确对提高学生的思辨能力水平起到了积极推动的作用。     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.     

Optimization of transport investment and pricing policies: the role of transport pricing in network design

This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies.     

嘉兴内河船员现状及管理对策探讨

文中以嘉兴内河船员现状为例,分析了内河船员队伍目前存在的问题,并提出相应的管理对策。     

Resolving the property right of transportation emissions through public–private partnerships

The application of public–private partnerships (P3’s) in the transportation sector has grown in popularity worldwide. Despite this important shift in the provision of transportation service, there are clear gaps in knowledge about the impacts of P3 projects, especially on emissions from transportation systems as a whole. Not only should policy makers evaluate the emissions impacts from P3 projects, but they should also think about innovative models that address or charge for emissions into P3 contracts. This addition to P3 contracts could provide a new solution to the long-existing property right paradox: who owns (is responsible for) emissions from transportation systems? This study attempts to fill the research gap by analyzing these innovative models. Using the road network of Fresno, California, as our case study, we offer a number of interesting insights for policy makers. First, average peak emissions costs range from 1.37 cents per mile (the do-nothing case) to 1.20 cents per mile (profit-maximizing cases) per vehicle. Although emissions costs from the P3 projects are lowest for the profit-maximizing cases, the system-wide emissions costs of these cases are highest because of spillover effects. Second, charging project owners for the emissions costs of P3 projects is not an effective way to reduce emissions or the total costs of travel, especially on a VMT basis. Instead, the public sector should implement emissions-included social cost-based price ceilings. When employing these limits, project owners could still be charged for the emissions costs. Finally, using total travel time as the only objective function for evaluating P3 projects can be misleading. Several P3 projects have shown better outcomes using total travel cost with the inclusion of emissions and fuel consumption costs, instead of using total travel time as the only objective function.     

LPG单燃料发动机稀薄燃烧控制策略研究

针对LPG单燃料发动机,基于旋转坐标系的独立气缸模型,提出了一种采用λ型氧传感器的稀薄燃烧控制策略,大大降低了线性氧传感器所带来的高昂成本,并实现了燃气喷射的逐缸控制。试验结果表明,该控制策略在满足系统动力要求的前提下,大大降低了燃气的消耗及废气的排放,具有良好的应用前景。     

一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制方法研究

在分析特殊路段交通特性及需求的基础上,对一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制方法进行了研究,提出基于主动性思维设计控制策略。通过干道协调控制人为调节关联交叉口交通阻抗来影响用户的交通行为选择,从而在某种程度上限制特殊路段交通的过度增长,在保障路段交通安全的基础上充分发挥交通效益。针对南方某城市隧道的实地情况和流量数据,设计出根据流量和排队长度两个参数综合选择实时控制方案的方法,进而说明该控制方法的具体实现及仿真效果。试验证明该方法对一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制具有指导意义。     

基于路面性能衰变规律的预防性养护措施和时机选择

比选路面预防性养护措施和确定其实施时机是路面预防性养护技术的核心。在已有路面性能衰变模型的基础上,通过引入改善系数A和寿命系数B,建立了预防性养护后的路面性能衰变模型,并讨论了改善系数A和寿命系数B的内在含义;进而提出了利用该衰变模型和费用效益比最大为准则的选择预防性养护措施和确定其实施时机的方法。     

多模式拥挤交通网络中的路径分配与收费定价模型

根据城市混合交通拥挤的特点,提出了在收费路段对不同的交通方式收取不同费用,以此控制各种交通方式的分担量,鼓励人们更多地选用公共的交通工具,从而达到缓解交通拥挤的目的,并以此为出发点建立了一个关于多模式收费定价的双层规划模型.     

学习借鉴美国加州经验,努力做好武汉“水文章”

该文简要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州200多年来水资源开发利用可持续发展战略及取得的成功经验,同时分析了武汉市水资源开发利用现状及存在的问题,并结合武汉市的实际情况,提出了武汉市在“十一五”期间做好“水文章”的几点建议。