降雨作用下高填土质路堤边坡的渗流稳定分析

针对现行的高填土质路堤边坡,基于饱和—非饱和渗流数学模型,设计了二维非稳定渗流程序,通过模拟因雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,分析土体中含水量、基质吸力的变化规律;采用等效粘聚力的概念,利用延伸的MOHR COULOMB破坏准则对路堤边坡进行了弹塑性有限元分析,进而得出路堤边坡在不同降雨时刻的安全系数;最后分析了降雨重现期、土参数φb和由路堤施工所引起的土体渗水性系数的各向异性对边坡渗流稳定的影响。     

A cross-country study of fairness and infringement on freedom as determinants of car owners' acceptance of road pricing

Jakobsson et al. (2000) found that in Sweden public acceptance of road pricing decreases if it is perceived to be unfair and to infringe on freedom. The present study reports a survey investigating whether the same effects are found in the Asian countries of Japan and Taiwan. The results indicate that fairness plays the same role. However, income had a direct effect on acceptance in Taiwan but not in Japan or Sweden.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

基于AHP和DEA方法的公路建设项目评价

建立了公路建设项目的综合评价指标体系,改进了传统的数据包络分析方法;将层次分析法和改进的数据包络分析方法相结合,建立了综合评价模型;实证了运用该模型解决公路建设项目评价问题的可行性.     

我国刑法分则应增设不予救助罪

不予救助是一种严重违背我国传统道德的行为,无论我国古代的法律文献还是现当代国外刑事立法中,都有惩处见危不救的规定。遗憾的是我国现行刑法当中并无不予救助的任何内容,该类社会关系是由道德规范调整的,而道德规范的强制力过弱,从而造成见危不救现象的大量存在。为了完善刑法,减少见危不救事件的发生,刑法分则中有必要增设不予救助罪。     

初探城际公路维修——冷再生施工

城际公路的堆修是现有城际公路面临的一个关键问题,如何在不影响正常交通的情况下进行城际公路的维修。对已损坏的油面铣刨废弃太浪费,加铺结构层后,道路标高增加很多,增加基层材料,浪费大量的资源,破坏环境,增加附近路网交通量,冷再生施工可以解决这些问题。     

船舶机舱使用塑料管作为通风导管要求分析

通过现场检查发现部分船舶私自增设聚氯乙烯管作为通风导管,结合适用的技术规范分析船舶机舱使用塑料管作为通风导管需满足的要求,提出对使用塑料管作为通风导管的船舶进行检查时应注意的事项。     

北京地铁车站附属建筑的设置

以北京在建地铁4、5号线、10号线一期工程的规划设计、建设实践为基础,分析以往地铁车站附属建筑设置过程中容易忽视的几个细节问题,如车站出入口、通风亭、冷却塔与城市道路红线、建设用地及文物的关系,以及通风亭和冷却塔的建筑形式等。最后得出结论：地铁车站附属建筑设置应结合城市道路近、远期规划科学设置,满足城市道路交叉口渠化、人行道最小宽度要求。现状已实现规划的建设用地内尽量不安排车站附属建筑;位于城市待改造用地内,出入口、通风亭及部分通道应按临时建（构）筑物设计,待规划实施时,其改造方案可与建设项目统一设计;位于正在办理规划审批手续的建设用地内,车站附属建筑应与建设项目作一体化设计。旧城内车站附属建筑设计应做多方案比选,慎重抉择。环控专业应提早参与配合,设计前期应事先确定通风亭、冷却塔的建筑形式,以便预留合适的用地,做到及早控制。     

道路交通系统韧性及路段重要度评估

韧性可以全面描述扰动事件下系统吸收干扰并从干扰中恢复的能力. 针对已有韧性指标对系统性能评价不全面、未考虑交通流量影响等问题,从路段通行能力退化与恢复入手,以网络效率为系统性能指标,构建全面评价扰动事件影响期内系统性能的韧性指标. 分别基于乐观和悲观视角提出韧性增加值和韧性减少值路段重要度指标,提出识别路段重要度的启发式算法. 算例结果表明：本文提出的韧性指标可全面描述扰动事件下路网性能退化与恢复全过程的平均累积性能,更加符合韧性指标内涵;韧性增加值和韧性减少值指标均能有效识别路段重要度,大部分路段重要度随时间动态变化.