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691.
考虑扭杆半径、弹性模量、载荷和疲劳极限等变量的随机性,运用APDL语言建立抗侧滚扭杆的参数化模型.通过抗侧滚扭杆的疲劳极限和其最大节点等效应力建立极限状态函数,利用ANSYS的PDS模块选用蒙特卡洛法进行抗侧滚扭杆的可靠性分析,获得了该有限元分析模型的应力概率分布特征,得到了扭杆半径、弹性模量、载荷等设计参数对应力分布的灵敏度.研究结果对于改进抗侧滚扭杆结构设计具有指导作用. 相似文献
692.
ABSTRACTThe collection of big data, as an alternative to traditional resource-intensive manual data collection approaches, has become significantly more feasible over the past decade. The availability of such data, coupled with more sophisticated predictive statistical techniques, has contributed to an increase in attention towards the application of these data, particularly for transportation analysis. Within the transportation literature, there is a growing emphasis on developing sources of commonly collected public transportation data into more powerful analytical tools. A commonly held belief is that application of big data to transportation problems will yield new insights previously unattainable through traditional transportation data sets. However, there exist many ambiguities related to what constitutes big data, the ethical implications of big data collection and application, and how to best utilize the emerging data sets. The existing literature exploring big data provides no clear and consistent definition. While the collection of big data has grown and its application in both research and practice continues to expand, there is a significant disparity between methods of analysis applied to such data. This paper summarizes the recent literature on sources of big data and commonly applied methods used in its application to public transportation problems. We assess predominant big data sources, most frequently studied topics, and methodologies employed. The literature suggests smart card and automated data are the two big data sources most frequently used by researchers to conduct public transit analyses. The studies reviewed indicate that big data has largely been used to understand transit users’ travel behavior and to assess public transit service quality. The techniques reported in the literature largely mirror those used with smaller data sets. The application of more advanced statistical methods, commonly associated with big data, has been limited to a small number of studies. In order to fully capture the value of big data, new approaches to analysis will be necessary. 相似文献
693.
694.
Supporting efficient connections by synchronizing vehicle arrival time and passengers' walking time at a transfer hub may significantly improve service quality, stimulate demand, and increase productivity. However, vehicle travel times and walking times in urban settings often varies spatially and temporally due to a variety of factors. Nevertheless, the reservation of slack time and/or the justification of vehicle arrival time at the hub may substantially increase the success of transfer coordination. To this end, this paper develops a model that considers probabilistic vehicle arrivals and passengers walking speeds so that the slack time and the scheduled bus arrival time can be optimized by minimizing the total system cost. A case study is conducted in which the developed model is applied to optimize the coordination of multiple bus routes connecting at a transfer station in Xi'an, China. The relationship between decision variables and model parameters, including the mean and the standard deviation of walking time, is explored. It was found that the joint impact of probabilistic vehicle arrivals and passengers' walking time significantly affects the efficiency of coordinated transfer. The established methodology can essentially be applied to any distribution of bus arrival and passenger walking time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
695.
Shunting locomotive/switcher (AmE)/utilization profiles are analyzed in this paper, in particular on the basis of idle time data collected in nineteen Polish industrial sidings and yards. 40 years old, diesel-electric locomotives are observed during 1000 h. Idle times related to work cycles are analyzed statistically. The percentage of the shunting locomotive daily operating time that the engine is operating at idle amounts to 70% (from 55% to 90%), and average daily idle fuels consumption amounts to 150 l a day (from 90 to 240 l a day).Many European and Asian countries still operate a significant number of similar (ChME3, e.g. S200) old, diesel-electric locomotives (almost 8000 locomotives have been produced), for moving trains over long distances and as shunting locomotives.Observed frequent short idle time periods suggest necessity of widening future scope of idling times’ analysis. Adaptation of Polish rolling stock will be possible using prior general public education about dangerous carcinogens in diesel exhaust smoke and fuel waste related to diesel engines’ idling. Simple simultaneous depiction of diesel engine power time series together with idle time could be used for educational visualization of idling among a wider audience. In the future classical aggregated idle time statistics should be supplemented by models that are more related to the variability of shunting locomotives diesel generator’s power time series, e.g. distribution of frequent short individual idle time cases. 相似文献
696.
支挡结构已被广泛地运用于各类边坡的治理,尤其在我国西南的高烈度山区。基于大量的汶川地震支挡结构震害调查数据,建立了支挡结构的破坏等级划分标准,将支挡结构的震害等级划分为轻微破坏、中度破坏、严重破坏和完全损毁。根据汶川地震的实际情况,对地震动参数计算模型进行了修正,并基于修正后的地震动参数计算模型建立了支挡结构的破坏概率模型,进而在已知地震动强度的情况下,可以得到支挡结构发生各级震害的概率。根据规范提供的损失比数据,可以快速计算得到支挡结构的震害损失数据。基于建立的震损评估方法,地震发生之后能够快速地对支挡结构的震害损失进行估计。 相似文献
697.
为了分析专业和非专业驾驶人在不同类型城市道路上以不同速度跟驰情况下的追尾风险,设计了基于实验车的实验方案,实现了在真实道路交通环境下对驾驶人跟驰行为特性的数据采集,并以实测数据为基础,得出专业和非专业驾驶人在城市快速路和主干路上稳定跟驰状态下碰撞时间的分布函数,再结合判断安全跟驰状态的碰撞时间标准,建立追尾风险概率模型,评估追尾风险.研究表明,随着车速、速度差的增加,车辆的追尾风险不断增大.对于不同类型的城市道路,在相同的速度条件下,主干路上非专业驾驶人面临的追尾风险概率高于专业驾驶人,但在快速路上,专业驾驶人面临的追尾风险却高于非专业驾驶人;对于不同类型的驾驶人,专业驾驶人在快速路上面临的追尾风险高于主干路;而非专业驾驶人在快速路上面临的追尾碰撞风险却低于主干路. 相似文献
698.
699.
A nonlinear time-domain formulation for ship motions and wave loads and a nonlinear long-term statistics method are presented and applied to the S175 container ship. The general agreement between model tests and numerical results is very satisfactory. The calculated long-term vertical sagging and hogging moments amidships are comparable to those given by DNV rules. The approach described in this paper can be used as a way of more accurately evaluating extreme wave loads and other nonlinear responses in ship design. 相似文献
700.
This paper presents analytical models that describe the safety of unstructured and layered en route airspace designs. Here, ‘unstructured airspace’ refers to airspace designs that offer operators complete freedom in path planning, whereas ‘layered airspace’ refers to airspace concepts that utilize heading-altitude rules to vertically separate cruising aircraft based on their travel directions. With a focus on the intrinsic safety provided by an airspace design, the models compute instantaneous conflict counts as a function of traffic demand and airspace design parameters, such as traffic separation requirements and the permitted heading range per flight level. While previous studies have focused primarily on conflicts between cruising aircraft, the models presented here also take into account conflicts involving climbing and descending traffic. Fast-time simulation experiments used to validate the modeling approach indicate that the models estimate instantaneous conflict counts with high accuracy for both airspace designs. The simulation results also show that climbing and descending traffic caused the majority of conflicts for layered airspaces with a narrow heading range per flight level, highlighting the importance of including all aircraft flight phases for a comprehensive safety analysis. Because such trends could be accurately predicted by the three-dimensional models derived here, these analytical models can be used as tools for airspace design applications as they provide a detailed understanding of the relationships between the parameters that influence the safety of unstructured and layered airspace designs. 相似文献