船舶防油污现状研究及展望

通过对2008年至2012年中国船级社（China Classification Society ,CCS)入级船舶,港口国检查（Port State Control,PSC）缺陷分析,发现近年来随着一系列防油污染相关决议的生效,导致防污染问题逐渐增加,文章从近年来新生效的防油污染决议入手,研究当前防油污染现状,并结合设计、建造及航行管理的要求,深入研究各项法规的细节和难点,以进一步提高防油污染管理效率;最终探究未来防油污染合理可行的发展方向,以推动防油污染技术及管理水平的提高。     

对在油船改装成浮式储油装置过程中开展海事监管的若干思考

文中以"北方之珠"轮改装工程为例,就VLCC大型油船改装成海上浮式储存卸油平台过程中存在的监管重点、难点进行了分析。     

Application of PETSc in soil-water coupled geotechnical problems

In this paper, parallel library, portable extensible toolkit for scientific computation (PETSc), is used to solve linear systems in soil-water coupled finite element method (FEM) for geotechnical problems. The parallel environment is integrated into GLEAVES, which is a geotechnical software package used for the finite element simulation. The linear system ·· = · which is a fundamental and the most time-consuming part of the FEM is solved with iterative solvers in PETSc. In order to find a robust and effective combination of iterative solvers and corresponding preconditioners for the soil-water coupled problems, performance evaluations on Krylov subspace methods and four preconditioners are carried out. The results indicate that general minimal residual (GMRES) method coupled with preconditioners can provide an effective solution. The application to a construction project is presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed solution.     

运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖环境问题分析及对策

通过调查对运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖存在的环境问题进行分析,结合国家节能减排要求,提出了利用地源热泵清洁能源代替燃煤锅炉的对策措施,并从技术、经济和环境方面分析了地源热泵技术应用的可行性。     

谈我省干线公路桥梁预防性养护

预防性养护是一种理念,以及实施这一理念的一整套养护策略。阐述了如何在国省干线公路中推广桥梁预防性养护,列出了桥梁预防性养护的常见对象和相应养护手段,并介绍了几种需重点推广的预防性养护技术。     

高速公路建设项目资金管理问题探讨

高速公路建设项目普遍具有投资规模大、建设周期长、涉及利益群体多的特点,在建设过程中,资金管理易出现问题。文章结合当前高速公路建设项目的实际情况,阐述了其实施过程中资金管理存在的问题,分析了问题产生的原因,并提出了防范和控制资金管理问题的相关措施。     

基坑开挖对紧邻既有铁路路基的影响分析

采用数值模拟的方法,分析了桥梁承台基坑在施工过程中对紧邻既有铁路路基稳定性的影响,指出铁路路基沉降主要集中在铁路路基下方及靠近开挖面一侧,靠近基坑中部的路基沉降量要大于一侧的沉降量,并提出紧邻铁路基坑的路基防治措施。其结论可为类似工程提供借鉴与参考。     

谈规范三峡坝区污染物接收船的管理

三峡海事部门针对长江三峡坝区特殊位置的船舶残油、含油污水的接收业务大量发展现象,结合实际整体推进一系列整治措施,规范合法接收作业、打击非法交付处置行为,初步建立起一个行业自律、规范管理、健康有序的接收作业船舶的安全与防污染秩序,以管理方式的改变带来接收行业发展的红利。     

基于鲁棒性的船体中横剖面多目标优化

工程应用中在进行鲁棒性优化设计时,要求所求出的解既要具有较高的质量,又要满足一定的鲁棒性要求。将鲁棒性优化问题转化为一个双目标的优化问题,即一个目标为解的最优性,另一个目标为解的鲁棒性,并针对一艘最大应力接近许用应力的多用途船进行基于鲁棒性的中横剖面优化设计。首先,用支持向量机的方法建立船体舱段的近似模型,用于求取舱段的最大应力,并结合蒙特卡罗积分的思想构造出表示最大应力鲁棒性的函数;随后,以最大应力最小和最大应力的鲁棒性函数值最小为目标函数,设计出一种求解鲁棒性最优解的粒子群多目标优化算法。优化结果不仅能降低船体结构的最大应力,同时还可较大程度地提高最大应力的鲁棒性,证明了该方法的可行性。     

Solving train formation problem using simulated annealing algorithm in a simplex framework

The train formation plan (TFP) determines the train services and their frequencies and assigns the demands. The TFP models are often formulated as a capacitated service network design problem, and the optimal solution is normally difficult to find. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the Simplex method and simulated annealing is proposed for the TFP problem. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to use a simulated annealing algorithm to explore the solution space, where the revised Simplex method evaluates, selects, and implements the moves. In the proposed algorithm, the neighborhood structure is based on the pivoting rules of the Simplex method that provides an efficient method to reach the neighbors of the current solution. A state‐of‐the‐art method is applied for parameters tuning by using the design of experiments approach. To evaluate the proposed model and the solution method, 25 test problems have been simulated and solved. The results show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is implemented to develop the TFP in the Iranian railway as a case study. It is possible to save significant time and cost through solving the TFP problem by using the proposed algorithm and developing the efficient TFP plan in the railway networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.