Metaheuristics for efficient aircraft scheduling and re-routing at busy terminal control areas

Intelligent decision support systems for the real-time management of landing and take-off operations can be very effective in helping air traffic controllers to limit airport congestion at busy terminal control areas. The key optimization problem to be solved regards the assignment of airport resources to take-off and landing aircraft and the aircraft sequencing on them. The problem can be formulated as a mixed integer linear program. However, since this problem is strongly NP-hard, heuristic algorithms are typically adopted in practice to compute good quality solutions in a short computation time. This paper presents a number of algorithmic improvements implemented in the AGLIBRARY solver (a state-of-the-art optimization solver to deal with complex routing and scheduling problems) in order to improve the possibility of finding good quality solutions quickly. The proposed framework starts from a good initial solution for the aircraft scheduling problem with fixed routes (given the resources to be traversed by each aircraft), computed via a truncated branch-and-bound algorithm. A metaheuristic is then applied to improve the solution by re-routing some aircraft in the terminal control area. New metaheuristics, based on variable neighbourhood search, tabu search and hybrid schemes, are introduced. Computational experiments are performed on an Italian terminal control area under various types of disturbances, including multiple aircraft delays and a temporarily disrupted runway. The metaheuristics achieve solutions of remarkable quality, within a small computation time, compared with a commercial solver and with the previous versions of AGLIBRARY.     

A toll-based bi-level programming approach to managing hazardous materials shipments over an intermodal transportation network

This research proposes a bi-level bi-objective model to regulate the usage of rail intermodal terminals for hazardous materials (hazmat) shipments, where government imposes tolls to deter carriers from using certain terminals. The complexity of the resulting mathematical program motivates the development of a hybrid speed-constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is then integrated with CPLEX, to solve the model. Through a real problem instance based on the intermodal service chain of Norfolk Southern in US, the toll-setting model is examined and further compared with a regular network design approach, in which certain terminals are closed to hazmat containers. The computational results show that the toll-setting policy is more practical and efficient, and the two models can be combined as a two-stage strategy in long-term hazmat transportation regulations. Additional managerial insights are derived for different stakeholders.     

高速铁路客运站选址模型

根据我国铁路客运站建设条件限制以及与城市相和谐的建设要求,将影响客运站选址的因素分为硬性因素和软性因素两类。通过硬性因素比选得到初步选址方案集合,将城市公共交通网络能力纳入客运站选址的软性因素,结合车站能力和资金限制2个软性因素,以旅客出行成本、车站建设成本、车站运营成本和城市交通运营成本最小为目标,建立0-1整数规划模型。以某市实际情况为例建立模型,利用Lingo软件求解得到客运站的选址方案以及城市公共交通网络中公交车和地铁列车的增加方案。计算结果显示,最优方案是对原有的两座客运站进行改造并在市郊新建一座高速铁路客运站。为满足旅客的出行要求,相应的出行小区到3个高速铁路客运站需要增加一定数量的公交车和地铁车辆。实例证明了基于此模型所得到的方案符合实际情况。     

基于双层规划模型的车辆疏散策略研究

针对一类多源单目且每个OD对之间只有一条路径的特殊拓扑结构高速公路疏散网络,为减少在汇流处同时到达流之间产生冲突而造成排队延误,提出兼顾效率和公平的疏散策略。通过引入疏散效率和社会公平的概念,建立一个双层规划模型,在约束条件构成的凸多面体上采用有限生成算法对模型进行优化求解,得出对匝道入口车辆进行控制的最优疏散策略。算例结果表明该方法具有可行性和有效性。     

基于理实一体化的《数控机床编程与操作》课程改革探索

《数控机床编程与操作》是数控技术、机电一体化专业的核心课程，实践性较强。本文针对当前教学中存在的理论教学与实践操作之间的脱节现象，提出实施“理实一体化”教学模式改革的新思路。     

An efficient algorithm for smoothing airspace congestion by fine-tuning take-off times

Current technological advances in communications and navigation have improved air traffic management (ATM) with new decision support tools to balance airspace capacity with user demands. Despite agreements achieved in flying reference business trajectories (RBTs) among different stakeholders, tight spatio-temporal connectivity between trajectories in dense sectors can cause perturbations that might introduce time or space deviations into the original RBTs, thus potentially affecting other 4D trajectories. In this paper, several challenging results are presented by properly tuning the Calculated Take-Off Times (CTOTs) as a tool for mitigating the propagation of perturbations between trajectories that can readily appear in dense sectors. Based on the identification of “collective microregions”, a tool for predicting potential spatio-temporal concurrence events between trajectories over the European airspace was developed, together with a CTOT algorithm to sequence the departures that preserve the scheduled slots while relaxing tight trajectory interactions. The algorithm was tested by considering a realistic scenario (designed and analyzed in the STREAM project (Stream, 2013)) to evaluate relevant ATM KPIs that provide aggregated information about the sensitivity of the system to trajectory interactions, taking into account the system dynamics at a network level. The proposed approach contributes to enhancing the ATM capacity of airports to mitigate network perturbations.     

基于Choquet模糊积分的物流网络二阶段设计方法

为弥补加法型方法对指标相对独立性和指标间不存在相互作用的假定，应用模糊测度及Choquet模糊积分，并结合模糊集理论、0—1整数规划提出了物流企业设施网络设计的二阶段方法：首先利用Choquet模糊积分对单个物流设施进行多指标评价，然后再考虑物流设施的模糊建设成本、模糊业务量和容量约束建立模糊整数规划，经过求解模糊规划模型而获得最佳的物流设施网络。最后应用案例验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

自由曲面上喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹规划方法研究

提出了一种自由曲面上的涂层生长模型及喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹规划方法,选取时间和涂层厚度作为优化目标,寻找喷枪沿指定路径的最优时间序列,通过求解带约束条件的多目标优化问题,找到了一条能使工件表面上涂层厚度方差最小且喷涂时间最短的喷枪轨迹。本文的优化方法将最优变量个数从一般喷枪轨迹规划问题中的6个(代表喷枪的位姿)减少为1个,从而大大简化了问题的复杂性。     

车削循环加工编程技巧

为了提高数控编程效率,克服循环加工编程难点,针对积累循环车削加工,如锥体、球体等编程技巧进行了介绍,给出了相应的编程实例。     

土工合成材料不同位置加筋效果的对比分析

运用所编制的计算程序分析了堤坝下土工合成材料的加筋效果，揭示了土工合成材料不同位置的加筋效果，对比探讨了软基路堤与密实地基路堤的加筋效果，并且采用动态规划法搜索的临界滑动面对不同位置的加筋效果进行分析。