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交通网络设计问题是交通规划理论的一个重要组成部分,即在资金有限且考虑出行者决策行为的情况下,制定最优投资策略.由于人工费、材料费和使用费等的不确定性,路段的修建成本存在不确定性.本文通过改进预算投资约束,应用鲁棒优化的方法同时考虑出行者的路径选择行为,建立路段修建成本不确定的交通网络设计的鲁棒模型,并利用基于割约束的混合整数线性规划算法求解此模型,进而得到一个受修建成本扰动较小的鲁棒最优解.通过算例表明,在修建成本不确定的交通网络设计中,本文提出的鲁棒优化方法可以得到比传统确定性问题更加可靠的解.     

A slot reallocation model for containership schedule adjustment

Ship slot capacity is the main sale resource of container shipping lines. However, shipping lines often encounter situations, such as serious ship delays, that require adjustments of shipping schedules, causing the original delivery plans of some consignments to be altered. This study proposes an integer programming model for slot reallocation planning, based on a given adjusted schedule. Decisions regarding empty container repositioning are also examined. This model aims to maximise a company’s benefits from deliveries of consignments and movements of empty containers. Available slots are subject to port rotation changes, allowable port handlings and ship capacity. A case study of a deep ocean loop demonstrates optimal slot reallocation, and empty container repositioning is used for illustrative purposes. The reallocation characteristics due to benefit items and the model’s applicability to large-scale examples are discussed.     

集装箱码头间互拖的集卡甩挂运输调度问题

集装箱码头间的互拖是一种促进相邻码头资源重新组织与优化的协作方式,集装箱甩挂运输能够解耦互拖与港内作业之间的复杂耦合关系。为了提高互拖的集装箱甩挂运输的有效性,满足码头间协调的时间要求和对集卡资源的有效利用,提出了互拖集卡甩挂运输调度的两阶段方法。首先建立互拖任务之间的时间关系网络,然后在此基础上建立集卡调度的混合整数规划模型。算例分析说明了该方法的有效性;演示集卡作业任务序列,分析其码头作业量分布对于港内作业调度的影响。研究结果提供了码头间互拖集卡甩运输的一种参考方法。     

A fuel tankering model applied to a domestic airline network

This paper presents a linear programming model designed to determine the optimum fuel loading quantities along a route network for a Brazilian domestic airline. Assuming that there are no volume purchase or storage capacity restrictions on each station, the analysis is carried out for one aircraft on one day of its schedule. Results are extrapolated for a monthly and yearly basis. Through the proposed model, it is seen that such a fuel tankering technique leads to a 5% economical saving, but produces a 1% additional fuel burn. A discussion on the environmental impact for this procedure is also proposed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Vehicle Routing Problem: The Case of the Hong Kong Postal Service

Abstract

With the growth in population and development of business activities in Hong Kong, the range and level of services provided by Hongkong Post have multiplied. However, the schedule of its postal vehicles, including mail collection and delivery, is still constructed manually on a daily basis, based on the experience of staff and transportation reviews. In this paper, the problem of scheduling a set of n collection points (District Post Offices) from a depot (General Post Office) in Hong Kong Island is addressed. The objectives pursued are the maximization of resource utilization and minimization of operation costs. In other words, the variable cost is expected to be reduced. To achieve these goals, an integer linear programming (IP) model of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) is developed in an effort to obtain optimal solutions. As the model involves computational complexity, a commercial software package CPLEX is used to solve the problems efficiently. The results show that the proposed model can produce optimal vehicle routes and schedules.     

Using bi-level programming to analyze the royalty for private–public partnership projects: the operational quantity-based model

Abstract

This paper develops a royalty negotiation model based on the operating quantity of Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) projects for both government and the private sector using a bi-level programming (BLP) approach. The royalty negotiation is one of many critical negotiation items of a concession contract. This study develops a royalty negotiation model to simulate the negotiation behavior of two parties, and derives the heuristic algorithm for the BLP problem. A number of factors are incorporated into this algorithm including the concession rate, the time value discount rate, the learning rate, and the number of negotiations. The paper includes a case study of the Taipei Port Container Logistic BOT Project. The results show that the two parties involved completed royalty negotiation at the sixth negotiation stage. The findings show that the government can receive a royalty from the concessionaire, calculated at 0.00386% of the operating quantity of this BOT project. Therefore, the royalty negotiation model developed here could be employed to explain negotiation behavior.     

基于模型预测控制的混合动力汽车下坡再生制动策略

为了充分回收汽车下坡再生制动能量,并保证蓄电池循环寿命,在对汽车匀速下坡再生制动全局优化控制策略分析的基础上,提出以再生制动能量回收最大和蓄电池温升变化率最小为双目标的混合动力汽车匀速下坡再生制动模型预测控制策略.对不同坡长、不同坡度的匀速下坡工况进行仿真的结果表明:模型预测控制策略在再生制动能量回收率、蓄电池温升和充电速率方面都获得良好的控制效果,且计算效率高,满足实时控制要求.     

不定期船连续航次燃油补给与航速优化集成调度模型

针对当下国际船用燃油价格高企,不同港口燃油价格严重分化对不定期船航次燃油补给港选择,燃油补给量确定,航次船速优化的影响,不同燃油价格对加油量与载货量的悖反效应,不同航速受燃油价格影响对耗时成本与耗油费用的平衡效用,当前航次决策对后续航次的影响,以及这些影响关系的复杂性,提出不定期船连续航次燃油补给与航速优化集成调度问题.以连续多航次利润最大为目标,运用多重嵌套期望平均值处理技术与混合整数非线性规划建模方法,构建该问题的集成调度模型.最后,通过实际案例应用与对比分析,验证本文模型的实用性和优越性.     

基于最优线性组合的港口集装箱吞吐量预测方法

以某港1981～1999年集装箱吞吐量为实测数据,建立其集装箱吞吐量的趋势外推、时间序列平滑、回归分析和灰色系统等预测模型.对比该港2000～2005年集装箱吞吐量各模型预测值与实际值的差异,分析了差异产生的原因及其单一预测模型的局限性,提出了基于最优线性组合的港口集装箱吞吐量预测法.以原各单项预测模型的预测值作为外生变量,以方差绝对值之加权和最小作为最优准则,建立线性组合预测模型,用单纯形表法解出加权系数,进行外推预测,并验证了方法的有效性.     

长江干流交通管理系统的研究

长江是我国东西交通的大动脉,随着经济建设的发展,水上运输日趋繁忙,为了保证水上交通安全,提高船舶运输效率,防止环境污染,在长江水域建立船舶交通管理系统是当务之急。本文首先分析了长江干流水域特点,根据最优化原则提出长江干流建立船舶交通管理系统的方案,特别是应用模糊综合数学模型和德尔菲(Delphin)专家咨询方法对10个重点航段交通管理系统的需要程度作了排序,使交通管理系统规划设计的科学性、定量化提高到新的高度。