浅谈GIS在道路管理中存在的问题

充分利用GIS对空间信息的管理能力和生动形象的图形表现形式,结合交通系统的具体特点,开发适合现代变通发展需要GIS,具有鲜明的实际意义。     

Nonlinear programming methods based on closed-form expressions for optimal train control

This paper proposes a novel approach to solve the complex optimal train control problems that so far cannot be perfectly tackled by the existing methods, including the optimal control of a fleet of interacting trains, and the optimal train control involving scheduling. By dividing the track into subsections with constant speed limit and constant gradient, and assuming the train’s running resistance to be a quadratic function of speed, two different methods are proposed to solve the problems of interest. The first method assumes an operation sequence of maximum traction – speedholding – coasting – maximum braking on each subsection of the track. To maintain the mathematical tractability, the maximum tractive and maximum braking functions are restricted to be decreasing and piecewise-quadratic, based on which the terminal speed, travel distance and energy consumption of each operation can be calculated in a closed-form, given the initial speed and time duration of that operation. With these closed-form expressions, the optimal train control problem is formulated and solved as a nonlinear programming problem. To allow more flexible forms of maximum tractive and maximum braking forces, the second method applies a constant force on each subsection. Performance of these two methods is compared through a case study of the classic single-train control on a single journey. The proposed methods are further utilised to formulate more complex optimal train control problems, including scheduling a subway line while taking train control into account, and simultaneously optimising the control of a leader-follower train pair under fixed- and moving-block signalling systems.     

Geometric modelling of bulbous bows with the use of non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces

Nowadays, bulbous bow forms have become a common design feature in most conventional ship designs. The design of a bulbous bow is usually attempted with the use of certain form parameters that are imposed using the designer's experience or regression values that provide the optimum parameters based on experimental tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. In this article, the geometric modelling of a bulbous bow form that complies with a series of parameters is presented. First, a wire model was constructed with cubic B-spline curves that hold certain form parameters that the designer wants to impose. Second, a B-spline surface that fits these splines was mathematically constructed. A review of the influence of the design parameters used on the bulbous bow properties was made. This method could be used prior to numerical optimization of a bulbous bow because different variations of the design can be easily generated. These variations can be tested numerically using CFD software. A practical application example of the method is shown.     

圆形桥墩紊流范围数值研究

合理布置桥区航道对于船舶在桥区的安全航行非常重要.桥墩的紊流范围是布置桥区航道时要考虑的一个重要指标.文中分析了顺直航道圆形桥墩紊流范围的相关主控因素.通过设置主控因素的序列数据,数值模拟计算并经回归分析,得出了顺直航道圆形桥墩最大紊流范围的经验表达式.研究结果表明,桥墩最大紊流范围与水面流速和桥墩直径密切相关,且流速和桥墩直径越大,桥墩紊流最大范围也越大.     

Focusing azimuth-invariant bistatic synthetic aperture radar data based on a polynomial model

In this paper, a focusing approach is presented to widen the use of efficient monostatic imaging algorithms for azimuth-invariant bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The bistatic range history is modeled by a polynomial of azimuth time. Using this model, an analytic form of the signal spectrum in the 2D frequency domain is derived, and a simple single-valued relation between the transmitter and receive ranges is established. In this way, a lot of monostatic image formation algorithms can be extended for the bistatic SAR data, and a bistatic chirp scaling algorithm is developed as an application of the new approach. This algorithm can be used to process the azimuth-invariant bistatic configuration where the transmitter and receiver platforms are moving on parallel tracks with the same velocity. In addition, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

心脏传导阻滞SCN5A基因L1001Q突变体构建和功能研究

目的对作者发现的一个中国3代人心脏传导阻滞家系SCN5A基因新突变L1001Q,构建突变表达载体,利用分子生物学方法和全细胞膜片钳技术观察L1001Q突变的功能。方法一步定点诱变法构建pEGFP-L1001Q-SCN5A突变体;激光共聚焦和Western blotting技术检测突变蛋白定位和表达;全细胞膜片钳技术观察突变体钠电流。结果野生型和L1001Q突变均表达在细胞膜上,且表达量无明显变化。二者最大激活电流分别为(148.34±0.77)pA/pF和(132.59±0.96)pA/pF(P>0.05),L1001Q突变半失活电压V1/2为(-73.25±0.87)mV,较野生型正向转移约3.5mV[V1/2为(-76.71±0.73)mV,P<0.05],L1001Q突变失活后恢复时间常数较野生型稍减小,差异无统计学意义(WT tau=16.8ms,L1001Qtau=14.1ms,P>0.05)。结论 L1001Q突变未影响钠通道蛋白的表达和转运,主要通过改变钠通道门控特性引起钠通道功能减弱进而导致心脏传导阻滞。     

霜天蛾cDNA表达文库的构建和初步鉴定

目的构建霜天蛾cDNA表达文库,为进一步筛选霜天蛾主要变应原、制备重组变应原奠定基础。方法利用Trizol法抽提霜天蛾RNA,经过Oligo(dT)纤维素柱纯化后得到mRNA,反转录合成dscDNA,连接EcoRⅠ接头,末端磷酸化,XhoⅠ消化,将双末端黏性化的双链dscDNA经过凝胶柱层析,收集大于400bp的cDNA片段,加工后与UniZAPXRVector连接,经过体外包装,感染宿主菌,构建cDNA文库,检测文库容量和重组效率,并采用PCR方法对插入的cDNA片段大小进行分析。结果成功构建了一个含有5×105重组子的霜天蛾表达文库,重组率为67%,平均插入片段长度约为1.49kb。结论所建文库容量及插入片段大小合适,适用于筛选目的cDNA克隆。     

生存素和CD44V6蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其相关性

目的探讨生存素（survivin）和CD44v6蛋白在胃癌中的表达及意义。方珐应用免疫组化技术检测120例胃癌（GC）、30例异型增生（GED）和20例正常胃黏膜组织（NGM）中survivin和CD44v6蛋白表达，并结合肿瘤的病理学行为和临床随访资料进行分析。结杲在胃癌组织中，survivin和CD44v6阳性率分别为75．8％和81．7％，均显著高于GED和NGM（P〈O．05）；survivin和CD44v6表达与GC浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和患者预后密切相关（P〈0．05）。结论Survivin和CD44v6表达与GC发生、转移和患者生存期有关，检测survivin和CD44v6蛋白表达可作为预测胃癌患者预后的参考指标。     

航母滑跃坡道设计探讨

分析航母滑跃坡道特性，提出滑跃坡道典型纵剖面所形成曲线的一种可能的函数表达式并展望该表达式在工程上的应用前景。     

类叶升麻苷通过激活ERK1/2诱导血红素加氧酶-1的表达

目的探讨类叶升麻苷(actesoide)诱导血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达的信号机制。方法类叶升麻苷单独处理体外培养的PC12细胞或运用ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059预处理,提取细胞蛋白,Western blot方法检测pERK1/2和ERK1/2以及HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比,类叶升麻苷可以诱导HO-1的表达上调,类叶升麻苷激活ERK1/2,后者激活介导类叶升麻苷诱导HO-1的表达上调,因为PD98059预处理后可以减弱类叶升麻苷引起的HO-1蛋白表达水平降低。结论类叶升麻苷通过激活ERK1/2通路诱导HO-1的表达。