西北严寒地区双块式无砟轨道初期力学性能分析

位于我国西北严寒地区的双块式无砟轨道采用了大单元道床板结构,为掌握该型结构对严寒地区恶劣温度环境的适应能力,了解其力学性能和行为规律,对达坂城地区采用20 m单元道床板的双块式无砟轨道试验段展开试验研究,通过数据分析和理论计算,得出如下主要结论:大单元道床板板端伸缩效应明显,引发轨道结构与基床表层大面积的层间分离滑动;大单元道床板板中部分混凝土开裂严重,年温差循环作用下大单元道床板将呈现"低温小单元组合、高温闭合大单元"的工作模式;试验段中基床表层提供的单位长度层间摩阻力为372 kN/m;极端日气温差的出现显著放大了大单元道床板日伸缩变化幅值,并形成了大单元道床板日伸缩位移均值阶梯型跳跃式发展的行为特性。     

铁路隧道工程可行性研究阶段风险评估研究

风险评估对于铁路隧道工程的建设和项目选线具有重要意义。针对铁路隧道工程风险评估在可行性阶段对应的风险类别与风险因素,建立基于AHP法的多因素模糊综合评价体系以及相应的隧道风险等级定量评判标准。模型根据专家对各风险类别和风险因素相对发生概率的定性评判,通过AHP法计算得到各风险类别和风险因素在整个风险评估体系中发生的相对概率,并将风险事件发生后果等级赋予相应的风险分值。最终结合得到的概率与风险分值通过模糊综合评价得到隧道综合风险评估分值和其对应的风险等级,从而对铁路隧道工程风险进行综合、定量、直观的评估。将A隧道运用该体系进行分析评价,得到其在可行性研究阶段的综合风险评估值为4. 774,风险等级为中度。     

Experimental study on the wave-induced dynamic response and hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged floating tunnel with elastically truncated boundary condition

Hydrodynamic load and motion response are the first considerations in the structural design of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT). Currently, most of the relevant studies have been based on a two-dimensional model test with a fixed or fully free boundary condition, which inhibits a deep investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics with an elastic constraint. As a result, a series of difficulties exist in the structural design and analysis of an SFT. In this study, an SFT model with a one-degree-of-freedom vertical elastically truncated boundary condition was established to investigate the motion response and hydrodynamic characteristics of the tube under the wave action. The effect of several typical hydrodynamic parameters, such as the buoyancy-weight ratio, γ, the relative frequency, f/f_N, the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number, the reduced velocity, U_r, the Reynolds number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number, on the motion characteristics of the tube, were selectively analyzed, and the reverse feedback mechanism from the tube's motion response to the hydrodynamic loads was confirmed. Finally, the critical hydrodynamic parameters corresponding to the maximum motion response at different values of γ were obtained, and a formula for calculating the hydrodynamic load parameters of the SFT in the motion state was established. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (i) Under the wave action, the motion of the SFT shows an apparent nonlinearity, which is mainly caused by the intensive interaction between the tube and its surrounding water particles, as well as the nonlinearity of the wave. (ii) The relative displacement of the tube first increases and then decreases with increasing values of f/f_N, U_r, KC number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number. (iii) γ is inversely proportional to the maximum relative displacement of the tube and the wave force on the tube in its motion direction. (iv) Under the motion boundary condition (as opposed to the fixed boundary condition), the peak frequency of the wave force on the SFT in its motion direction decreases and approaches the natural vibration frequency of the tube, whereas the wave force perpendicular to the motion direction increases. When the incident wave frequency is close to the natural vibration frequency of the tube, the tube resonates easily, leading to an increased wave force in the motion direction. (v) If the velocity in the Morison equation is substituted by the water particle velocity measured when the tube is at its equilibrium position, the inertia coefficient in the motion direction of the tube is linearly related to its displacement, whereas that in the direction perpendicular to the motion direction is logarithmically related to its displacement.     

Flexural fatigue behavior of butt-welded circular concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST)：Experimental study and numerical modeling

Detailed understandings on the fatigue behavior of the concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDSTs) under multiaxial stress states are essential to promote their applications in marine structures. A systematical investigation consisting both the experimental study and the according numerical modeling has been conducted. Physical tests were carried out to investigate the flexural fatigue behavior of the butt-welded hollow steel tubes (HSTs), concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) and CFDSTs, in which the development of fatigue cracks and the fatigue life were captured. The feasibility of applying the existing S–N curves originally obtained from the HSTs to the constitutive steel tubes within the CFDSTs has been consequently verified. A two-stages simulation method was developed to analyze the full range development of fatigue cracks based on both the damage mechanics and the extended finite element method (XFEM). The influence of the multiaxial stress states on the fatigue behavior for the constitutive steel tubes was studied quantitatively, considering the offshore application scenarios where the steel tubes within the CFDSTs were subjected to larger external hydrostatic pressure or internal transmitted content pressure. The results show that the existence of the infilled concrete can effectively improve the fatigue behavior of the steel tubes. The life prediction models for both the fatigue crack initiation stage and propagation stage have been proposed, where the crack initiation life of the steel tube may reduce by 30% when its stress triaxiality increases from 0.36 to 0.48.     

高粘度硬沥青混合料路用性能研究

文章对高粘度硬沥青混合料路用性能进行了研究,通过室内试验对高粘度硬沥青(AH-30)、重交通沥青(AH-70)和SBS改性沥青混合料路用性能进行全面的对比试验,结果表明,高粘度硬沥青具有粘稠度大、针入度小的基本特点,其混合料具有高强度、高模量、优异的高温稳定性、水稳性及抗疲劳性能,可应用于南方湿热地区沥青路面的中下面层,从而大大提高沥青路面的使用性能和使用寿命。     

大掺量磨细矿渣粉高性能混凝土的试验研究

论述了大掺量磨细矿渣粉对混凝土性能的影响,研究结果表明:用S95磨细矿渣粉和少量粉煤灰可以配制出早期抗裂性和耐久性均好的C50~C70高性能混凝土,84 d氯离子扩散系数均小于1.50×10-12m2/s;大掺量磨细矿渣粉高性能混凝土的收缩徐变较普通混凝土小。     

珠江口海底隧道盾构法施工方案可行性分析

盾构法已经在国内外的地下工程中被广泛运用,特别是国外一些著名的海底盾构隧道,如英吉利海峡隧道、日本东京湾海底公路隧道、荷兰W esterschelde隧道;国内盾构技术也发展迅速,先后建成上海大连路、复兴东路过江盾构隧道,还有在建的上海翔殷路越江公路隧道、上中路隧道和已经开工建设的武汉、南京、上海长江桥隧工程等。这些海底、江底隧道的修建为盾构隧道的发展积累了丰富的经验。文章首先论述了国内外大直径、高水压、长距离推进等盾构施工关键技术,并结合珠江口海底隧道的建设条件与国内外的施工成功实例,对海底隧道盾构法施工方案的可行性进行了初步研究。     

基于滑轮试验台的钢丝绳弯曲疲劳试验研究

钢丝绳的使用寿命是钢丝绳行业内重点关注和研究的核心问题。而在钢丝绳-滑轮系统中,钢丝绳失效的主要型式是弯曲疲劳损伤。本文针对钢丝绳的简单弯曲、角度弯曲和反向弯曲等三种典型弯曲类型特点,专门设计了五滑轮弯曲疲劳试验台。通过调整钢丝绳工作行程和试验载荷,旨在研究钢丝绳在简单弯曲、角度弯曲和反向弯曲中的疲劳寿命。提出了反向弯曲相对简单弯曲的折算方法和折算系数,得出钢丝绳简单弯曲的总寿命次数与载荷的相关函数,为钢丝绳在特定条件下的使用寿命预测提供了试验数据支撑和计算方法。     

Empirical analysis of short period traffic counts and their efficiency: the case of Indian traffic

Short period traffic counts (SPTCs) are conducted routinely to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) at a particular site. This paper uses Indian traffic volume data to methodically and extensively study the effect of four aspects related to the design of SPTCs. These four aspects are: (i) for how long, (ii) on which days should SPTCs be carried out, (iii) how many times, and (iv) on which months should SPTCs be carried out? The analyses indicate that the best durations for conducting SPTCs are 3 days (starting with a Thursday) and 7 days, for total traffic and truck traffic, respectively. Further, these counts should be repeated twice a year keeping a separation of two months between the counts to obtain good estimates of AADT at minimal cost. An additional outcome of this study has been the determination of seasonal factor values for roads in developing economies, like India.     

解析公路建设项目可行性研究报告建设必要性论证

鉴于目前部分公路建设项目可行性研究报告建设必要性的现状,文章试图从分析现行公路建设项目可行性研究报告建设必要性论证存在的问题入手,提出公路建设项目可行性研究报告中建设必要性论证的思路和方法,为公路建设项目顺利立项、审批奠定基础。