不同雷诺数下车辆队列尾车发动机舱盖气动特性研究

数值仿真与模型风洞试验相结合研究了典型工况下两车队列中尾车发动机舱盖气动特性和两车间隔区域的流场,对比了缩比模型和实车模型对应雷诺数下车辆队列的流动形态。缩比模型仿真结果与风洞试验结果一致表明采用数值方法的可行。对比不同雷诺数下车辆队列气动特性发现,缩比模型与实车模型发动机舱盖表面平均静压分布基本相同,但在纵向对称面上,实车模型的前车尾迹比缩比模型更加上扬,底部区域气流速度更高。非定常条件下,实车模型前车尾涡相对尺度明显小于缩比模型,且扩散得更充分,尾迹区涡的分布状态更加混沌,发动机舱盖表面脉动能量的分布更加混乱。涡在两车间隔区域的运动并非简单的移动,而是一个由涡破裂、涡配对和涡融合构成的复杂过程。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

俄罗斯船用及工业燃气轮机的发展和应用现状

综述并分析俄罗斯船用及工业燃气轮机设计、研制、生产和应用的现状及发展状况。指出,俄罗斯小功率发电用燃气轮机的发展现状良好,拥有一些性能优良的机组,但是中等功率和大功率发电用机组却是弱项,距离世界先进水平还有很大差距。机械驱动用燃气轮机始终是俄罗斯工业燃气轮机中的强项,设计、研制和应用均处于世界领先水平。曾经是其强项的船用燃气轮机,由于苏联的解体,却成了俄罗斯燃气轮机工业中的缺项。     

地铁车站结构随机振动响应分析

基于地震反应的随机非确定性,运用基于概率统计方法的随机振动理论进行结构抗震分析,考察结构的动力可靠度,是一种合理的设计方法。运用虚拟激励法对青岛地铁五四广场站进行随机振动分析,避免了传统方法计算的冗繁,得到了具有统计意义的结构动力响应。考虑x向功率谱输入时,弯矩分布较为均匀;地铁结构体型变化较大的部位剪力明显增大;柱底剪力较小,边跨柱剪力小于中跨柱底剪力。考虑y向功率谱函数输入时,沿梁轴向剪力值逐渐增大,柱底剪力明显大于x向输入时的柱底剪力,边跨柱柱底剪力大于中跨柱底剪力。所得结论为地铁站这一复杂结构形式进行基于可靠度理论的设计提供了依据,可以作为同类设计的参考指导。     

"北斗"陆基增强系统导航信号源的分析与设计

导航信号激励器是无线电导航系统的关键设备。简要介绍了通过建立陆基增强系统来提高"北斗"定位能力的技术方案,并对陆基增强系统扩频导航信号激励器进行了详细的分析与设计。利用直接频率合成(DDS)技术产生高精度、高稳定度的码时钟,并利用AD9854芯片特有功能实现BPSK调制;采用CPLD器件设计扩频伪码产生器及扩频调制器。文中还着重讨论了各陆基导航台时钟同步的几项关键技术。实测结果表明:所设计实现的导航信号激励器精度高、稳定性好;并且BPSK调制实现了较好的载波抑制,隐蔽性好、抗干扰能力强。     

透平发电机组的自动控制

透平发电机组在实际运行过程中，一方面为乙烯装置提供不同压力等级的蒸汽动力，一方面又将热能转化为电能。因此，透平发电机组的自动控制对整个乙烯装置的平衡运行都非常重要。而透平发电机组要完成减温减压和发电两个任务，常规控制仪表是很难实现的，完成这两个任务主要是由DG505E电子自动高速速器来完成的。文中在简单介绍透平发电机组工艺原理基础上，着重讨论了透平发电机的自控制系统、联锁保护系统的设计方案。     

车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究

侧向风作用下的车桥耦合振动分析需要考虑相互气动影响的车辆和桥梁各自的气动参数。为考虑车辆和桥梁的相互气动影响,在常规桥梁节段模型三分力测试装置的基础上研制了一种三分力分离装置———交叉滑槽系统。该系统利用环形滑槽和直线滑槽交叉点位置的变化来调整车辆和桥梁间的相对几何关系,并能实现车桥系统的同轴转动,从而方便地进行不同攻角情况下气动力的测试。利用交叉滑槽系统通过节段模型风洞试验对车桥系统的气动特性进行了多工况对比研究,讨论了车桥系统的雷诺数效应,分析了车桥间的相互气动作用,比较了车辆在桥上位置的影响。试验结果表明,基于交叉滑槽系统的节段模型风洞试验测试是可行的;车桥间的相互气动作用对车辆和桥梁的气动力有较明显的影响。     

Fault Diagnosing System of Steam Generator for Nuclear Power Plant Based on Fuzzy Neural Networks

All kinds of reasons are analysed in theory and a fault repository combined with local expert experiences is establishedaccording to the structure and the operation characteristic of steam generator in this paper. At the same time, Kohonen algo-rithm is used for fault diagnoses system based on fuzzy neural networks. Fuzzy arithmetic is inducted into neural networks tosolve uncertain diagnosis induced by uncertain knowledge. According to its self-association in the course of default diagnosis. thesystem is provided with non-supervise, self-organizing, self-learning, and has strong cluster ability and fast cluster velocity.