Multi-criteria analysis of transport infrastructure projects

Planning, construction and operation of transport infrastructure are associated with a multitude of adverse effects on the environment. The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are important legal instruments of the European Union's environmental policy that allows for identifying, predicting, preventing, and mitigating and or compensating for these adverse effects. As part of the environmental impact assessment, variants of planned activities and investment projects are considered in order to select the option, which is the most favourable from the environmental point of view. The primary goal of this work is to examine the possibility of using multi-criteria methods in order to select the route variant most favourable for the environment. In the first stage, a review of global literature from 2010 to 2019 was conducted on the subject of MCDM/MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Making/Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) methods used in transportation. Based on the review, it was proven that the most popular methods used to solve multi-criteria decision problems in the field of transport are respectively: AHP with modifications, TOPSIS, DEMATEL, as well as methods encompassed in the so-called European trend, i.e. PROMETHEE and ELECTRE. Four selected methods were used in the empirical part of this work. They were used to select the variant of the expressway section in north-eastern Poland and compare the result of the analysis with the choice made in the analyzed environmental impact report.     

Reproducing Kernel Particle Method for Non-Linear Fracture Analysis

To study the non-linear fracture, a non-linear constitutive model for piezoelectric ceramics was proposed, in which the polarization switching and saturation were taken into account. Based on the model, the non-linear fracture analysis was implemented using reproducing kernel particle method （RKPM）. Using local J-integral as a fracture criterion, a relation curve of fracture loads against electric fields was obtained. Qualitatively, the curve is in agreement with the experimental observations reported in literature. The reproducing equation, the shape function of RKPM, and the transformation method to impose essential boundary conditions for meshless methods were also introduced. The computation was implemented using object-oriented programming method.     

KS函数与最小—最大优化问题

讨论了 KS 函数在结构优化设计中的影响与作用.研究表明,在挑选紧约束集中,KS函数是一个非常有用、有前途的工具,而这一点,恰是许多优化方法的关键.同时指出,KS 函数很适合求解最小-最大类型的优化问题.一个加筋弯曲板加强筋的形状优化设计例题证明,它的算法既简单又易于实现,收敛也是迅速、稳定的.     

路面碎石质量的控制方法

阐述了路面碎石质量的控制方法,只有从原石的选材、破碎、筛分、储备等环节上采取针对性的控制,并根据矿料的性能采取不同措施进行改善,才能有效保证路面用碎石质量满足要求。     

高职院校毕业生流动党员现状和教育管理对策

文章分析了高职院校毕业生流动党员的现状、管理和教育的难点及其原因,提出了提高毕业生流动党员的素质,完善毕业生流动党员管理制度,构建毕业生流动党员管理网络和创新毕业生流动党员管理方法和机制等对策,推动高职院校学生党建工作的发展.     

混合支挡结构在工程中的应用

混合支挡结构常运用在高陡边坡、地质环境复杂的边坡治理工程中,它是在边坡的上下部通过不同的支挡结构相互作用、相互协调共同承受边坡岩土体荷载的综合支挡体系.根据设计实践,常见混合支挡结构有9种类型,对混合支挡结构的力学特征、设计方法的分析研究是很有必要的.不同支挡结构并不孤立,而是相互之间存在着作用,这种作用可是直接的,也...     

铜管路件焊缝致密度检验方法研究

铜管路件主要由铜管及三通接头焊接而成,焊接的质量对水冷系统有很大的影响。本文研究了铜管路件焊缝致密度的检验方法,介绍了铜管路件焊接方法、影响焊接质量的各种因素及焊接工艺过程。提出了铜管路件焊缝致密度检验方法,该方法首先对检验样本进行制备,接着通过由光学显微镜与计算机组成的成像系统对样本焊缝位置进行显微图像采集,对采集到的焊缝显微图像在图像软件中进行处理,获取焊缝缺陷的长度,从而计算焊缝位置的致密度。     

中国到港船舶压载水中致病菌分析及检测

船舶压载水是海洋外来致病细菌传播的主要途径。对国内各沿海港口到港国际船舶的压载水中致病细菌的组成和检测方法进行对比分析。结果表明:国内各港口到港船舶的压载水中都有致病菌检出,主要类群为弧菌属(vibrio)、气单胞菌属(aeromonas)和大肠埃希氏菌(escherichia coli)等;船舶压载水和沉积物均在不同程度上携有致病菌。此外,综合分析船舶压载水致病菌的各种检测方法及其优缺点。     

Sequential sampling method using Gaussian process regression for estimating extreme structural response

A methodology for estimating extreme response statistics for marine structures, that takes both the long-term variability of the metocean environment and the short-term variability of response into account is presented. The proposed methodology uses Gaussian process regression to estimate parameters of the short-term response distribution, based on output from computationally expensive hydrodynamic simulations. We present an adaptive design strategy for sequential updating of the model, focusing on the metocean conditions that contribute the most to the long-term extreme. With this approach, only a limited number of hydrodynamic simulations are needed.The suggested approach is demonstrated on the problem of estimating the 25-year extreme vertical bending moment on a ship. We show that a relatively small number of iterations (full hydrodynamic simulations) are needed to converge toward the “exact” results obtained by running a large number of simulations covering the entire range of sea states.The results suggest that the proposed method can be used as an alternative to contour-based methods or other methods that consider a few sea states using accurate numerical simulations, with little or no added complexity or computational effort.     

有限差分/无网格方法耦合生成混合算法研究

无网格方法摆脱了网格的约束,在计算区域内能自由布点,快速灵活,并且离散节点能更好地拟合复杂的边界,为流体动力学问题的解决提供一个新的思路。文章结合传统有限差分方法(FDM)和基于最小二乘法的无网格有限差分方法(MLSFD),将两者在网格生成和计算格式上进行了耦合,生成了一种混合算法。利用Fortran语言编写了计算程序。通过计算二维圆柱绕流算例验证了混合算法的可行性。对比分析了混合算法在不同网格下的收敛性,结果表明:使用混合算法进行数值模拟时,无网格"网格"的精细度与差分网格的精细度对计算收敛性的影响是一致的。