西安市南北中轴线改造工程设计思考

该文通过西安市南北中轴线改造过程中对横断面型式的确定、旧路材料的再生利用、公交停靠站的设计等技术问题的探索和尝试,提出了解决的方法和见解,同时介绍了旧路改造设计中得到的启示。     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资优化调度研究

针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度不尽合理、集配中心中转效率不够高等问题，重新设计了重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资调度与配送体系，并给出了应急医疗物资的分类方法。从医疗物资使用需求和库存估计可使用时间2个维度构建需求点紧急度指标，考虑突发公共卫生事件特征，以加权的需求满足率最大化为主要目标、车辆行驶距离最小化为次要目标，构建应急医疗物资动态分配模型，并通过算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。结果表明：所构建的模型能够兼顾医疗物资分配的公平和效率，符合突发公共卫生事件中应急医疗物资供给和需求的动态变化特性，确保在物资短时间供给不足的情况下各需求点也能公平获取一定比例的物资；且模型仅要求各需求点上报各种品类医疗物资的使用人数和库存量，同时模型还给出数据缺失时的自动计算办法，可操作性更强；运用紧急度指标对需求满足率最大化目标进行校正，解决了各需求点因需求量差异对公平分配造成的影响，使得应急医疗物资分配更加合理。研究成果结合了新冠肺炎疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度的具体过程，使得分配模型更符合实际需要，可为城市应急医疗物资优化调度提供决策依据。     

智能停车库建设和信息化管控的研究

汽车的停放给城市文明建设带来一大难题,解决城市停车难,在有限的地下空间内开发建设地下停车库成为城市建设新的热点。通过介绍国内外地下智能停车库开发情况,分析探讨了地下停车库开发的制约条件,以及研究了如何结合信息化管控技术应用,最后针对问题关键提出了思考与建议,以达到指导实践的目的。     

Choice of parking: Stated preference approach

Over recent years, parking policy has become a key element of transport policy in many countries. Parking policy measures can affect many different dimensions of travel behaviour but are likely to be most significant in terms of travellers' choice of parking type and location. This dimension of travel choice has, to date, received comparatively little attention, yet is of vital importance if we are to properly understand and predict the effects of parking policy measures.This paper presents two studies addressing this issue carried out in the United Kingdom and Germany. Both studies used a stated preference approach in order to collect disaggregate data on travellers responses to changes in parking attributes and used these data to build simple logit models of parking type choice. The studies were designed in order to allow comparable choice models to be estimated from the two datasets. The results obtained strongly indicate the need to separately identify the costs associated with different components of the parking activity (e.g., general in-vehicle time, parking search time, egress time) and also point to the existence of significant differences in the relative valuation of these components across different journey purposes. Where possible, the results of the choice modelling exercises are also compared with existing revealed and stated preference results and are found to be generally in line with prior expectations.     

在建公共建筑周边道路软基处理方案研究

针对南方软土地区在建体育馆等公共建筑周边地基处理问题,文章通过对水泥搅拌桩及竖向塑料排水板+堆载预压两种方法的技术性、经济性及可实施性等方面进行对比,得出水泥搅拌桩是此种工况下更合理的工程设计方案。根据大型公共建筑和周边市政道路容易产生不均匀沉降的问题,提出了增加土工格栅及设置绿化过渡带等处理措施,并提出通过施工期间的沉降监测及施工工序,尽量减小软土地区不同类型建筑物的不均匀沉降,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统关键技术研究

为了提高公交出行者的出行效率与公交系统运行效率，最大限度地满足城市居民的公交出行需求，提出了一种“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统模式．通过分析“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统的内涵和特征，构建了模式研究的理论框架结构体系；然后着重探讨了实现这一模式所需要解决的关键技术问题，即该模式下客流分析技术、线网布局与站点设置一体化设计技术、公交优先通行信号控制与公交智能调度一体化协调技术等．     

短距交叉口交通控制的协调设计

该文运用交通流的波动理论分析了短距交叉口之间车流运行遇阻的产生机理,建立了上游交叉口车流的遇阻判别与遇阻程度的分析模型,并由此提出了为消除交叉口之间的相互影响,采用交叉口协调控制措施的依据和方法。     

基于公交数据的公交乘客上客特征分析

城市公共交通是城市交通的重要组成部分,具有缓解交通拥堵、降低能源消耗、改善生态环境等优势,一直是政府大力支持与提倡优先的出行方式。基于公交的运营数据,提取了每次刷卡数据的上客站点数据,进一步分析出公交网络层面站点上客特征,最后,结合居住人口、工作人口分布,分析出公交乘客上客与空间人口分布的关联性。     

CIMS条件下单件小批生产计划的编制方法及应用

本文提出了一种CIMS条件下，单件小批生产企业编制生产计划的一种新的方法，并用实例说明了其应用效果。