软土路基沉降观测方法探讨

公路线路经过软土路基时会出现明显的不均匀沉降,其在设计和施工中的沉降分析和计算结果精度不足以满足无工后沉降的要求,需要对沉降进行实时观测和分析。以软土地基上某公路工程施工中的沉降观测为例,介绍公路线路中路基沉降观测的流程、元器件的埋设方法,总结了沉降观测过程中各类元器件的适用性,及真实、准确、及时和连续采集沉降观测数据的方法,为以后类似工程的沉降观测提供参考。     

黄土地基的冲击压实研究

结合黄土的特性,选择预建高速公路的典型黄土,通过室内试验方法确定黄土的物理指标。通过黄土击实试验确定了该试样的最佳含水量为14.3%,与之相应的最大干密度为1.918 g/cm3。最后选择冲击式压路机在试压路段进行碾压,通过试验数据可知,在冲击压实达到40遍时,地面层20 cm的黄土的压实度能达到97.8%,黄土地基的总沉降量达到25.12 cm,且沉降趋于稳定。     

SBS和SBR改性沥青混合料抗紫外线老化性能研究

沥青路面的耐久性与沥青混合料抗老化性能密切相关.为了研究紫外线老化作用对沥青混合料力学性能以及高温抗变形能力的影响,通过对相同级配的SBS,SBR和基质沥青混合料紫外老化后进行劈裂试验和车辙试验,分析了经过不同紫外老化时间后3种混合料的劈裂强度和动稳定度的变化规律.结果表明：改性沥青混合料均表现出更好的抗紫外线老化的性能,其中SBS改性沥青混合料效果优于SBR改性沥青混合料.     

抗车辙剂作用下沥青混合料的路用性能指标

通过室内试验研究了抗车辙剂对沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性等路用性能的影响.试验结果表明,加入抗车辙剂能明显地改善沥青混合料的路用性能.但抗车辙剂掺量并不是越大越好,虽然掺量越大高温稳定性越好,但当掺量太大时会降低混合料的低温抗裂性和水稳定性.综合来看抗车辙剂的最佳掺量为0.7％.     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

燃气蒸汽式弹射内弹道研究

燃气-蒸汽式弹射方式以其结构简单、温度适中、压力输出平稳等优点,被越来越广泛地应用到水下运载器的发射系统中,深入研究燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的内流场对弹射装置的设计、改进具有重要意义.本文通过采用3种不同仿真模型对燃气-蒸汽式弹射内弹道进行计算,结果表明:对流场进行仿真计算时应同时引入汽化模型和组分输运模型,其仿真结果与实际情况更为相符.汽化模型对流场温度的影响比对压力和速度的影响更为明显.研究成果可为燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的设计与改进提供理论支撑.     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel.     

Simulating ad-hoc demand-responsive transportation: a comparison of three approaches

Transport models are used to evaluate new infrastructure and public transport services, varied levels of demand, and new ideas for demand management. Exploring these proposals virtually is easier than implementation and testing in situ. However, existing models are based around traditional forms of transportation. As part of a feature analysis using a case study approach, three different simulation packages (a simple custom-developed package, traffic microsimulation, and agent-based simulation) are used to develop and demonstrate simulations of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each simulation approach for evaluating DRT. While the simulations display some relational replication (meaning they produce similar relational patterns with respect to certain variables), they do not show distributional replication (that is, the value of the results is not statistically similar), meaning that under- or over-estimation of predicted travel could occur. Recommendations for the application of each modeling approach are made.     

Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review

There has been significant growth in research on intermodal transport in freight distribution since the 1990s. Differentiating itself from previously published literature reviews, this paper evaluates the current state of this research using Systematic Literature Review methodology. The complementary aims are: (a) to identify the research lines developed and to propose a criterion for classifying the literature, and (b) to discuss the empirical evidence that identifies existing interrelationships. The analysis has enabled three main lines of research to be identified. The first research line, basic principles of intermodal transport, groups together works related to the definition of intermodal transport and the results obtained using this transportation system. The second, improvements to the way that intermodal transport systems work, frames elements and variables that impact intermodal transport systems’ logistics efficiency, such as quality of service, information and communication systems, and freight planning and linkages among system operators to provide an adequate service. Finally, the third line, intermodal transport system modelling, identifies the main variables used to optimise these transport systems, the different focuses and approaches used in modelling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each focus. These research lines take in more specific sublines that incorporate articles that develop related research questions. Lastly, the discussion of the content of each of these research sublines enables us to identify gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research.