超限超载货物运输对路面破损的影响分析

从车辆超限超载治理、路面结构优化两处着眼,采用轴载换算公式以及重量分割推算方法,对超限超载货物运输所造成的路桥破损做了合理、深入的研究。在借鉴国外治超工作有益经验以及路面结构设计先进理念的基础上,提出了切实可行的对策和建议。     

公路客运班车报停制度研究

公路客运峰谷现象明显,在运能、运力有限的情况下,如何才能更好地满足客运高峰期(如春运)的交通需求是政府和企业的一项重要课题。现有的政策并没有使有限的客运资源得到最合理的利用,给能源和环境都带来了一定的影响。文章较系统地从企业和政府两个角度论述了建立班车报停制度的必要性和可行性,通过对客运线路的调查,对公路客运班车报停制度的社会经济效益作了定性和定量分析。     

Experiential Incrementalism: On the Theory and Technique to Implement Transport Plans and Policies

The paper describes an approach to the vexing problem of transport planning and policy. It deals jointly with three questions, which in today's practice are addressed separately: How are hypotheses about transport problems and alternatives to their solution developed? How can a good plan or policy be identified? What is the process of implementing a transport plan or policy? In doing this the paper has the ambitious objective of proposing a new model and process for transport planning and policy. It is applicable in developed and developing countries and is not restricted to the transport sector. The paper builds on, and is a reinterpretation of two cornerstone transport planning and decision-making models – the CATS (Chicago Area Transportation Study) Planning and Design Model and Braybrooke and Lindblom's Disjointed Incrementalism. It advances a technique of experiential incrementalism (termed polisanalysis) to develop and implement plans and policies. It proposes that problems should be diagnosed by observation and continuous data collection; that their continuous analysis, finding the “cure”, and implementation take place through the method of experiential incrementalism. In this method interventions are grounded on the theories of neoinstitutional economics and psychoanalysis and derived using contact function, explained in the paper, which renders the method scientific replicability. Experiential incrementalism can employ a wider array of options in planning and policy than is presently thought possible. Like other scientific methods, its application requires rigorous training.     

Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects

We analyse mode choice behaviour for suburban trips in the Grand Canary island using mixed revealed preference (RP)/stated preference (SP) information. The SP choice experiment allowed for interactions among the main policy variables: travel cost, travel time and frequency, and also to test the influence of latent variables such as comfort. It also led to discuss additional requirements on the size and sign of the estimated model parameters, to assess model quality when interactions are present. The RP survey produced data on actual trip behaviour and was used to adapt the SP choice experiment. During the specification searches we detected the presence of income effect and were able to derive willingness-to-pay measures, such as the subjective value of time, which varied among individuals. We also studied the systematic heterogeneity in individual tastes through the specification of models allowing for interactions between level-of-service and socio-economic variables. We concluded examining the sensitivity of travellers’ behaviour to various policy scenarios. In particular, it seems that contrary to political opinion, in a crowded island policies penalising the use of the private car seem to have a far greater impact in terms of bus patronage than policies implying direct improvements to the public transport service.     

城市公共交通发展策略探讨

解决城市交通问题的重要途径就是发展公共交通,而合理规划城市公交方式和进行有效的管理是保证公交效率的重要环节。该文对城市合理选择公共交通方式、公交运营模式和ITS技术在公共交通中的应用等方面进行了分析,对现代化城市公共交通发展的策略进行了探讨。     

智能交通系统及其车辆自动控制技术

本文简要介绍了智能交通系统的概念、发展状况、基本内容和研究开发过程，进一步阐述了智能交通系统中的先进车辆控制技术。综述了汽车纵向控制、横向控制、自动驾驶及车列控制。最后，对我国如何发展智能交通系统和先进车辆自动控制技术进行了探讨。     

European freight transport and the environment: empirical applications and scenarios

Environmental issues have received a prominent place in transport policies of most European countries. The coordination of such policies however, is fraught with many difficulties. The increasing freight flows after the European integration are a source of concern, but have not yet led to straightforward and effective environmental strategies.The paper focuses on the Trans Alpine freight transport systems in the light of the future integration of single national transport systems into the European transport network. The environmental, social and institutional peculiarities of this ‘region’ have favoured—in the past—the development of strong nationally-oriented policies, partly in contrast with the goals promoted by the European Union. The present analysis aims to highlight opportunities, and limits inherent, in the implementation of various infrastructure projects oriented towards a drastic change of the Alpine transport systems structure. The Alpine countries, viz. Austria and Switzerland, play a central role in the promotion of environmental benign modes of transport of goods, with a clear focus on rail. The route choice and modal split of freight flows in Europe are taking place simultaneously. In this paper the results of European freight flow models (based on logit analysis and neural networks) will be presented. An important exercise is then to assess the consequences of various types of eco-taxes on road transport in Europe. In this context, several policy scenarios will be dealt with.     

船舶气囊下水工艺实践与发展前景

本文叙述船舶气囊下水新工艺在我国内河中、小型船厂近年来的实践，提出和总结气囊下水工艺有关计算方法和注意事项。鉴于气囊下水新工艺有其独特的优越性，并随着气囊制造质量和下水工艺不断完善提高，气囊下水新工艺必会有较好的发展前景，下水船舶重量期望可提高到2000t。     

街道设计理念下工程实践的若干思考

“完整街道”、“街道设计”等城市道路改造设计理念开始广泛应用于城市道路旧改等实际工程项目。然而，街道设计理念与传统的设计习惯、道路管理模式及使用者的接受程度，依然在现实应用以及工程实施上存在较大的分歧。以深圳市罗湖区道路设施品质提升工程和深圳市罗湖区精品示范路工程两个项目为工程背景，分别从宏观的街道空间改造和部分微观细节设计两个角度，分析项目实施过程中存在的难点和优化处置方案，为后续工程实践以及相关街道设计导则优化提供借鉴。