城际固体货物管道运输初探

构在物流量大的城市之间,敷设城际固体货物运输管道,将零散固体货物集装于标准化的货舱内,通过管道来运送:即城际固体货物管道运输。这种运输方式具有占用耕地面积少、不受外界因素干扰、环保、高效、经济效益好等一系列优点,适用于小体积固体货物的运输。依据当今的科技水平,不存在不易解决的技术难点,是未来城际物流的一个发展方向。     

江苏省公铁客运格局变化趋势研究

公铁客运格局的变化和演进趋势表明,高速公路网络的形成使其客运规模经济效应出现顶峰;铁路建设也一样,需要一个相对完善的系统才能发挥铁路客运的网络效应,故需要同步推进铁路网络、铁路客运枢纽、铁路与其他交通网络系统衔接的建设。     

沿江高速铁路引入合肥枢纽的关键问题

规划年度(2030年)合肥枢纽将形成衔接9个方向、13条线路的大型放射状枢纽.但随着沿江高速铁路建设的提前,沿江高速铁路与既有沪蓉铁路在枢纽内共通道能力是否满足需求、枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工是否合理、引入车站站型方案是否最优是面临的关键问题.本文根据研究年度(近期2035年、远期2045年)的枢纽客运量及车流特点,结合既有沪蓉铁路的功能定位及分工调整,对枢纽内主要客运站和区段能力进行分析,对引入车站站型进行研究.通过定量和定性分析,从契合城市总体规划、运输组织的便捷性、线路平面条件、工程实施难易度、工程建设条件、投资等多方面综合比选,优化了枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工,确定了合理的枢纽引入方案.     

道路运输行政执法中的行政强制问题研究

阐述了行政强制的基本概念、设定依据和种类,并针对道路运输行业管理的实际,分析《行政强制法》对道路运输管理的影响及在道路运输行政执法中行政强制的应用问题,着力解决道路运输行政执法难问题。     

社会管理视角下的公共领域

公共领域一直受到社会学和政治学的关注。不论是阿伦特极权主义语境中的公共领域,还是哈贝马斯民主语境中的公共领域,以及后续研究者对公共领域的探讨,基本上都是在‘国家与社会'的对立,或者说‘国家与社会'的消极互动之逻辑预设上展开的。但实际上,‘国家与社会'的协作或‘国家与社会'的积极互动之逻辑预设同样存在可能;基于这种逻辑预设,从社会管理的视角来看,公共领域是一种社会管理机制,它同时与国家对社会的管理域、社会对国家的管理域、国家自我管理域以及社会自我管理域相联系,发挥着社会管理功能。公共领域的建构必须从外部要素和内部要素两个方向着手;外部要素包括制度与媒体,内部要素包括公众、公共知识分子以及社会空间。就当前现实来看,中国公共领域的建构需要从上述两个方向努力。     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

Minimum acceptable time for turning off idling engines: Evidence from Taiwan

This paper examines the influence of different factors on motorist willingness to comply with idling stop regulations, as determined using stated preference analysis. Motorists were surveyed at urban roadsides in Taiwan, and the results obtained were analyzed using a partially adaptive model. The analysis showed that the standing time and turnoff idling engine while parking are both significant variables, and arise from risk aversion behavior. Environmental perceptions and convenience of use are the most influential factors, according to elasticity analysis. The study also verifies that a partially adaptive model is an appropriate model to consider censored data in a Triple-Bounded Dichotomous Choice analysis. These results will be useful as a reference for improving implementation of idling reduction regulations.     

Effect of road width and traffic volume on vehicular interactions in heterogeneous traffic

Highway traffic flow phenomena involve several complex and stochastic variables with high interdependencies. The variations in roadway, traffic and environmental factors influence the traffic flow quality significantly. Capacity analysis of road sections under different traffic and geometric conditions need to quantify the vehicles of widely varying characteristics to a common and universally acceptable unit. Passenger car unit (PCU) is the universally adopted unit of traffic volume, keeping the passenger car as the ‘standard vehicle’ with reference to its static and dynamic characteristics; other vehicles are expressed to its equivalent number in terms of PCUs. The studies carried out in this aspect represent the dynamic nature of impedance caused by a vehicle while moving through a traffic stream. The PCU values recommended by the Highway Capacity Manual are widely applied in many countries; however, their applicability is highly under debate because of the variations in prevailing local traffic conditions. There are several factors that influence the PCU values such as traffic, roadway, vehicle, environmental and control conditions, etc. Apart from vehicular characteristics, the other two major factors that influence the PCU of vehicles are the following: (i) road width and (ii) traffic volume. In this study, estimation of PCU values for the different types of vehicles of a highly heterogeneous traffic on 7.5‐ and 11.0‐m‐wide roads, using micro‐simulation technique, has been dealt with. It has been found that the PCU value of a vehicle type varies significantly with variation in road width and traffic volume. The results of the study indicate that the PCU values are significantly influenced by the said two factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市公交企业财政补贴机制探讨

公交企业实行公益性服务而造成的政策性亏损，客观上由政府进行财政补贴。但目前国内尚未建立统一规范的补贴机制，不同地区的补贴政策相差较大。随着优先发展城市公共交通政策的大力推行，迫切需要制定科学的、规范的适合我国国情的公交企业财政补贴机制和标准。在此背景下，探索研究了基于公交企业成本规制的、与服务质量考核挂钩的财政补贴机制。     

Recreational Use of Developed Norwegian Shorelines: How Ambiguous Regulations Influence User Experiences

In principle, public rights of access to “outfield” along the Norwegian shoreline are protected by law. A case study from the village of Saltnes indicates that it is difficult for people to stay or walk along a populated shoreline area without feeling that they are violating privacy norms. Such “mental” barriers and subjective perceptions are not formally addressed in Norwegian regulations concerning legal rights of public access, but appear to affect the extent of recreational use. Interviews with property owners and visitors in Saltnes indicated that two key elements help to improve the situation. First, physical markers demarcating public land (“outfield”) and private land (“infield”) such as vegetation, small fences, signs, boulder walls, paths, and so on seem to reduce discomfort both for visitors and residents. Second, property owners and visitors value polite behavior highly, and communication between different groups of interests seems to clarify the challenging public/private divide. A main impression was that people find present rules and regulations unclear and diffuse and difficult to practice. It is relevant to ask whether the public accessible parts of developed and populated coastal zones are identifiable through the infield–outfield divide; more specific and adapted regulation of public traffic is needed on private shoreline properties.