Consumers’ willingness to pay for alternative fuel vehicles: A comparative discrete choice analysis between the US and Japan

This paper conducts a comparative discrete choice analysis to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on the basis of the same stated preference survey carried out in the US and Japan in 2012. We also carry out a comparative analysis across four US states. We find that on average US consumers are more sensitive to fuel cost reductions and alternative fuel station availability than are Japanese consumers. With regard to the comparative analysis across the four US states, consumers’ WTP for a fuel cost reduction in California is considerably greater than in the other three states. We use the estimates obtained in the discrete choice analysis to examine the EV/PHEV market shares under several scenarios. In a base case scenario with relatively realistic attribute levels, conventional gasoline vehicles still dominate both in the US and Japan. However, in an innovation scenario with a significant purchase price reduction, we observe a high penetration of alternative fuel vehicles both in the US and Japan. We illustrate the potential use of a discrete choice analysis for forward-looking policy analysis, with the future opportunity to compare its predictions against actual revealed choices. In this case, increased purchase price subsidies are likely to have a significant impact on the market shares of alternative fuel vehicles.     

应对突发大规模流行病的城市常规公交管控策略

公共交通内部相对狭小和密闭的空间，使得乘客间频繁发生近距离接触，是流行病扩散的高危环境。面对诸如新型冠状病毒肺炎这类突发大规模流行病时，交通管理者通常采取的方案是全部公交线路停运，彻底阻断流行病通过公共交通系统传播这一个途径，但是对于公交乘客而言，如果缺乏替代的出行方式，将严重降低其移动性，甚至会影响其基本的生活条件。利用北京市公交IC卡刷卡数据，挖掘乘客的个人出行特征和相互之间的接触特征，构建公交乘客动态接触网络，试验数据统计显示北京公交乘客单次出行与他人的平均接触时间为17 min，通勤乘客工作日与他人平均累计接触123次。利用理论传播模型（SEI和SIS）模拟流行病在公共交通系统内的扩散，对比随机网络分析其特征，发现公交乘客间接触的周期性发生规律显著促进了流行病的快速传播。将乘客传播影响力集计至公交线路，针对常规公交网络设计停运部分线路的运营方案，使用站点间平均邻接距离作为指标，衡量部分停运方案导致的常规公交系统可达性损失。研究对比了停运方案实施前后的流行病扩散规模。研究结果表明，只需要停运小部分线路就能使流行病暴发得到遏制，同时公交系统的整体可达性没有明显下降。     

Patterns of motorization development and next-generation mobility systems

This paper discusses the appropriateness of the “3-stage urban transport policy development cycle” hypothesis proposed by Professor Peter Jones and the importance of both local development context and motorization transport culture in transport policy. It then makes some observations on the future prospects for sustainable cities and transport through major technological innovations in connected and autonomous vehicles, that is, in “Auto Sapiens” as next generation vehicles.     

基于属性数学的铁路重载运输安全评价

铁路重载运输设施设备要求高,确保其安全运行意义重大。属性数学理论主要研究和解决定性描述的度量和不同的定性描述之间的关系问题,基于此,从人员、设备、环境及管理4个方面建立包含3层级28项指标的铁路重载运输安全综合评价指标体系;采用德尔菲法和模糊统计法得到指标初始权值,并通过灰色关联法判断指标权值的合理性。建立铁路重载运输安全综合评价模型,重点利用属性集和属性测度理论研究并制定单指标等级划分标准,采取正规模糊子集以及置信度准则等方法构造属性测度函数以及属性识别准则。以呼和浩特铁路局大包线重载运输为例,应用所建模型评价其安全等级,评价结果符合呼和浩特铁路局实际情况,表明所建模型能较好适用于铁路重载运输安全综合评价。     

Development and evaluation of bus lanes with intermittent and dynamic priority in connected vehicle environment

Exclusive bus lanes provide a very high level of priority for transit operations, especially for Bus Rapid Transit and Express service, but these lanes could be underutilized and be a source of extra capacity if they could be shared in an intelligent way. This article explores the benefits of providing intermittent priority, called bus lane with intermittent and dynamic priority, of these exclusive bus lanes. Intermittent and dynamic priority can be implemented by allowing vehicles to use the lane when Bus Rapid Transit or Express bus is not present. Drivers can be alerted when a bus is in the lane using either infrastructure-based signs, or in the future using infrastructure-to-vehicle, or connected vehicle communications. Some critical operating parameters for implementing bus lane with intermittent and dynamic priority system including clear distance, degree of saturation (volume-to-capacity ratio), connected vehicle penetration, and bus departure/headway frequency have been investigated in this paper.     

基于双层规划模型的地下综合管廊PPP项目入廊定价研究

为解决地下综合管廊项目PPP模式运作过程中存在的入廊定价难的突出问题,首先,基于现阶段入廊价格管制的需要以及各参与方在入廊定价决策过程中的主从递阶结构特点,决定利用双层规划模型研究PPP模式下地下综合管廊项目的入廊定价问题,将政府方作为定价决策的上层,社会资本方和管线单位作为决策的下层,建立政府、社会资本方与管线单位分别以社会福利最大化、预期收益最大化和保留效用最大化为目标的双层规划模型,以期求解得到令三方满意的入廊费、日常维护费与补贴额度。然后,以延安市地下综合管廊PPP项目为例,检验模型与求解方法的可行性。最后,基于研究结论提出加强顶层设计、强化价格监管、建立动态调价机制的合理化建议。     

华能曹妃甸煤码头工程绞吸船施工工艺优化

曹妃甸围海造陆吹填工程土质具有颗粒细、吹距长等特点,绞吸船产能较低,为提高绞吸船施工产能、降低施工成本,采用对绞吸船挖掘和输送分析、泥泵气蚀点分析等方法研究绞吸船施工,优化其施工工艺。优化后的施工工艺使曹妃甸围海造陆吹填工程绞吸船施工产能提高了15%,节约施工成本的同时也缩短了工期。     

舷灯布置分析及专利应用

舷灯是船舶航行的安全保证,但布置经常受到很多约束。在大型货运船舶上,由于受到船舶尺寸、载货量等因素的制约,这一问题表现得更为突出。首先介绍了规范对于舷灯的各种技术要求,然后结合实际项目中遇到的问题进行分析,并介绍了为应对复杂布置环境设计的专利——"一种可以伸出舷外的新型舷灯箱结构"。通过几种不同船型的改进案例,结合新型专利在实船中的应用,共同探讨了灵活布置舷灯的方法。     

基于物联网技术的船舶危险品运输监控系统设计

随着我国工业经济的快速发展,对于能源以及相关化工原料的需求也越来越大。船舶运输虽然使沿江城市经济得到快速发展,但也带来了很多问题。本文围绕船舶危险品运输所存在的问题,提出基于物联网技术的船舶危险品监控系统,对监管系统中所涉及的RFID技术、GPS等进行介绍及设计。本文提出的危险品运输监控系统可有效降低船舶危险品在运输过程中的风险,并在最大程度上避免事故的发生,因而具有非常重要的实际意义。     

基于灰关联的公共自行车租赁点选址研究

公共自行车租赁点选址过程中涉及的影响因素较多,为了在公共自行车系统建设中达到精 细化设计的目的,需要综合考虑各影响因素,构建指标体系和评价比选方法,以选出最优方案。 从使用、运营和建设3 个层面出发,建立包含7 项指标的评价指标体系并给出各项指标的具体定 义和量化方法。提出基于灰色关联度分析的公共自行车租赁点选址方案比选方法,即在运用功效 分析法对指标进行归一化处理的基础上,采用熵值法确定各指标值权重,根据灰关联原理对备选 方案进行排序,比选出最优方案。最后将该方法应用于南京市浦口区公共自行车租赁点的规划建 设中。研究结果表明,该方法可以对站点选址提供有效的决策支持。