Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

新冠肺炎疫情下城市公共交通非常规防疫策略——以宁波市为例

在国家重大突发疫情面前，城市公共交通具有保障出行与阻断疫情的双重责任。面对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎（简称新冠肺炎，COVID-19）疫情，城市公共交通既要保证有效运输，又要降低疫情扩散的风险。地铁和常规公交是城市公共交通系统不可缺少的一部分，在城市公共交通中占据重要地位。针对宁波市城市公共交通系统中存在的防疫问题，提出了基于问题驱动的城市公共交通非常规防疫策略。研究结果表明：新冠肺炎疫情形势下，城市公共交通系统防疫需要启动应急响应机制，遵循分区分类防控的基本原则，在保障人们刚性出行需求的同时，必须阻断疫情传播，减少通过公共交通运输造成的交叉感染，实现疫情可防可控。除体温检测、佩戴口罩与洗手消毒等防疫措施之外，还应结合地方实际和风险评估等级采取非常规的组合防疫策略，即：①面向城市常规公交，建议采取网格化运营策略、需求响应式运营策略以及应急公交接驳策略；②面向城市轨道交通，建议采取3级组合防疫策略，即暂停运营策略、车厢隔离防疫策略以及需求响应式防疫策略。以上常规公交与轨道交通的多种组合防疫策略需根据疫情的发展情况动态调整，及时启动相应级别的公共交通应急预案，被动防御与主动防控相结合，积极发挥城市公共交通在疫情时期的交通骨干作用和应急保障作用。     

交通运输企业伦理的基本维度研究

交通运输企业伦理是运输企业在生产经营活动中所确认并遵循的价值观念与行为方式。文章运用抽象方法,对交通运输企业的＂安全、便捷、文明、生态＂四个基本原则进行了深入分析,旨在为运输企业的伦理化运营提供理论指向。     

南通市普通高等学校公共体育课程教学改革现状与对策研究

文章以南通市普通高校为研究对象，采用问卷调查法、文献资料查阅、数理统计等方法，对六所高校的公共体育教学改革状况进行研究．研究结果表明：目前南通市普通高校公共体育课程教学指导思想的改革效果明显，但体育教学模式和体育教学内容的改革仍需继续加强。     

高职高专多媒体技术课程教学面临问题与解决方案的探讨

多媒体技术是计算机及其相关专业普遍开设的一门主干课程,该课程由于涵盖知识点众多,发展迅速,所以在教学过程中面临着不少问题。笔者根据近十年的高职高专多媒体技术一线教学的实践经验,以适应素质教育的需求和高职高专大学生的教学要求为出发点,对多媒体技术课程的教学与实践的现状和面临的问题,做出了些总结,并对可行的解决方案进行了探讨。     

Exploring Participants' Views of Participatory Coastal and Marine Resource Management Processes

It is generally accepted that stakeholders, including resource users, scientists, conservationists, government and nongovernment organizations, and the general public, can contribute positively to management processes and may even benefit from such processes. However, we continue to struggle with how to design processes that effectively involve these stakeholders. To illuminate potential improvements to traditional processes, this study examines participants’ perceptions of coastal and marine resource management processes. Through semi-structured interviews, respondents describe how they feel about various elements of participatory processes. Responses offer insight into the multiple dimensions of participatory process elements described in the literature, such as influence on decisions, exchange of information, access to the process, transparent decision making, and others. Responses also identify additional elements that have received limited attention in the public-participation literature: hosting meetings at various scales, recognizing differences within interest groups, and considering the context of a process. Results from this study will help to inform the design of participatory coastal and marine resource management processes.     

港口规划环境影响评价中公众参与模式探讨

国家对环境影响评价工作中的公众参与非常重视,相继出台多项相关法规政策。目前对于建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与的形式和方法国内外已有一些理论研究和较多的实践应用,但对于规划环境影响评价中采取何种有效的公众参与模式尚需深入研究。通过对国内十多个港口总体规划环评案例进行归纳总结,阐述了港口规划环评公众参与的目的与意义,分析提出了港口规划环评公众参与的工作原则、工作方案和调查意见统计分析方法,并针对港口规划环评公众参与的重点和难点进行了分析研究,探讨港口规划环评中开展公众参与的有效方法和途径。     

Modeling the relationships among urban passenger travel carbon dioxide emissions,transportation demand and supply,population density,and proxy policy variables

To support the development of policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging reduced travel and increased use of efficient transportation modes, it is necessary to better understand the explanatory effects that transportation, population density, and policy variables have on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. This study presents the development of a model of CO₂ emissions per capita as a function of various explanatory variables using data on 146 urbanized areas in the United States. The model takes into account selectivity bias resulting from the fact that adopting policies aimed at reducing emissions in an urbanized area may be partly driven by the presence of environmental concerns in that area. The results indicate that population density, transit share, freeway lane-miles per capita, private vehicle occupancy, and average travel time have a statistically significant explanatory effect on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. In addition, the presence of automobile emissions inspection programs, which serves as a proxy indicator of other policies addressing environmental concerns and which could influence travelers in making environmentally favorable travel choices, markedly changes the manner in which transportation variables explain CO₂ emission levels.     

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高速铁路为人们提供了一种高效的运输方式.本文借鉴弹性系数法的相关理论,首先运用广义费用函数测算样本中高铁开通前后两地区综合客运成本的变化,结合两地区高铁开通前后客运量的变化得到了运输成本弹性系数,用于衡量两地区对于高铁开通的迫切性程度,从而在另一个层面衡量高铁建设的可行性.然后根据运输经济学及新经济地理学的相关理论,从人口、距离、人均GDP差异、平均人均GDP和产业结构相似度5个维度对样本的运输成本弹性系数进行建模,运用神经网络的方法来拟合其对运输成本弹性系数的影响情况,并以此为依据来测算北京市和张家口市对即将开通的京张高铁的迫切性程度.