The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews

Those designing surveys and producing data have always been concerned about its quality. The increasing stringency of the financial constraints which affect public authorities and the increased scope of involvement in the regulation of urban travel has led us to pay even greater attention to the quality of data. This issue is frequently covered in the literature on survey methods. However, comparisons between different survey methods are more rarely conducted. The decision to conduct such an analysis is partly the result of the development of telephone use to the detriment of other survey modes in many countries and also the development of Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) which facilitates the running and monitoring of the survey.This paper examines several aspects of this question in order to compare the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews. The first aspect is the representativeness of the sample, and therefore relates mainly to the issue of nonresponses and the choice of a sample base. The second concerns the accuracy of the information and involves the choice of a survey area and the recording of all trips, including short-distance travel. Finally, the quality of data is obviously determined by the quality of the responses given by those interviewed.The answers we give frequently depend on the objective of the surveys, which leads us to put forward a table which summarizes the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews on the basis of the main objective of the survey. Broadly, the telephone seems to be the favoured tool for surveys in the area of transport planning and surveys which aim to provide data for forecasting models, mostly on the grounds of cost. However, face-to-face techniques are often preferred for surveys which aim to discover and analyze the factors which explain individual travel behaviour.     

临淮关淮河特大桥钻孔灌注桩施工质量控制中的关键工艺流程控制

结合施工经验,针对钻孔灌注桩施工中的一些事故提出相应的质量控制措施及应对处理措施,可为施工提供借鉴参考。     

8G型机车加设自动常用制动功能的可行性分析

分析了DK-1型机车电空制动机的自动常用制动功能的特点,根据8G型机车上8G-1型空气制动机的工作原理和LKJ-93监控装置的常用制动功能,对8G型机车加设自动常用制动功能的可行性进行理论分析,并提出了改造方案。     

租船运输业务与法律课程专业双语教学调查问卷评析

为提高学生英语水平,突出我院办学特色,对管理系国航专业租船运输业务与法律课程双语教学进行问卷调查。对开展双语教学是否有必要、教学质量、教材质量、教师水平、双语授课的比例、教学时数、建议和看法等方面广泛征求学生的意见,大部分学生认为开展双语教学有必要,既提高了外语水平,又提升专业知识和能力。对双语课程教学质量、双语教学的教材、教师的知识水平表示满意；认为双语教学应保证质量,稳步增加。通过问卷调查,也发现学生对教师所讲知识的掌握程度不理想；过半学生未提前预习和课后复习所要讲授的内容。     

25K型全列空调客车内环境卫生学研究

目的：对25K型全列空调客车内环境进行卫生学研究，为今后全列空调客车的技术改造和管理提供卫生学依据。方法：根据国家有关标准、规范对国产25K型全列空调客车车厢内微小气候、物理因素、空气质量进行检测，测得数据采用PEM3．0软件进行统计分析。结果与结论：25K型全列空调客车内微小气候、人工照明符合国家卫生标准，但风速低，新风量不能完全满足空调车通风技术指标；噪声强度、环境振动受路况影响。车厢内空气质量较25G型全列空调客车差，对目前25K型国产空调客车在通风换气以及日常卫生管理、维护有待进一步加强。建议根据实际情况在空调车内安装负离子发生器，改善车厢内空气质量。     

关于提高我国隧道设计施工技术水平的几个关键问题

根据国内外隧道技术的发展过程 ,本文根据我国国情 ,从提高隧道的工程质量 ,降低隧道工程造价以及重视和保护环境三个方面探讨了提高我国隧道设计施工技术水平的几个关键问题 ,并提出了一些具体措施。     

施工企业使用的机械设备的组织管理

阐述施工企业生产中使用机械的特点和施工机械设备本身的特点，探讨正在施工企业中使用的机械设备的组织管理形式，以使管理在技术经济上合理。     

GSM-R系统中无线测量的研究

无线测量集中在移动台与基站之间，主要测量信号电平、信号质量、定时提前量等等。介绍了无线测量的原理、参数、测量流程，以及测量报告的2个应用：通过测量报告分析移动台的行为，进而为查找解决问题提供依据和通过测量报告对网络进行评估。     

正交试验方法在机车制造质量分析中的应用

针对制造过程中机车端子柜0.5 mm2导线脱落问题,应用正交试验方法分析各影响因子对导线压接质量的影响,找出关键影响因素,使质量分析更客观、科学。     

The influence of food quality on the nutritional acclimation of the copepod Acartia clausi

The influence of food quality on the nutritional metabolism of Acartia clausi was studied experimentally using four different diets: (1) diatom cells of Thalassiosira weissflogii, (2) detritus prepared from the same culture, (3) 50 : 50 mix on a protein basis of the two previous diets, and 4) dinoflagellate cells of Prorocentrum micans. For each trophic, ingestion, gut transit time, trypsin activity and K_m (half saturation constant) were measured at limiting and saturating concentration. Assimilation rates were also estimated for both pure diatoms and mixed live–detrital cell diets. Ingestion followed a Holling type 2 response for diets 1 and 4, a linear one for detritus and an intermediate response for diet 3. Gut transit time displayed different adaptive changes with food regime depending on protein concentration. Trypsin activity was lower for detrital food and trypsin K_m significantly decreased with increasing concentration of live diatoms. Assimilation rates were higher for live food than for mixed live–detrital food. Results illustrated that Acartia-type copepods optimize nitrogen or protein uptake. They suggest that besides chemoreception-mediated selectivity, internal controls by digestion and assimilation also regulate ingestion (feed-back).