关于超长桩有效桩长问题的探讨

超长桩的出现给桩基理论研究与工程实践提出了新的课题与挑战,针对工程中的实际情况对超长桩提出了有效桩长的问题。运用数学和力学知识,在假定计算模型的基础上,从理论上推导了超长桩的有效桩长的计算公式。结果表明,有效桩长与工作荷载下的桩顶沉降、桩身刚度及桩顶工作荷载有关。并运用有限元程序,对不同桩长的情况进行了数值模拟计算,进一步探讨了桩长对单桩承载性状的影响,结果表明,当桩长超过一定程度后,通过增加桩长来提高单桩承载力是十分有限的,因此无限制地增加桩长是没有意义的。     

一种预测混凝土路面断裂的方法

运用断裂力学理论，计算出3种典型轮载下引起断板的临界长度；通过无损检测，探测出可能产生断板部位的裂缝长度；比较二者，可知混凝土路面是否即将断裂。用此方法可及早发现可能产生断板的部位，采取适当防护措施延长公路使用寿命。     

锚泊时船舶放链长度的确定及其实用图表

本文给出了船舶锚泊时所受到的风作用力、水作用力和放出锚链长度的计算公式,以及实用数表和曲线图,可供查取。数表和曲线是根据文中确定的如下关系式编绘:L_b≈1/2Ln;L≈1.5L。(其中L_b——卧底锚链长度;L_n——悬垂锚链长度;L——放出锚链总长度)。十一例实船计算表明,根据上式计算结果,与目前国内外通用的方法确定的放链长度相符。利用这些数表和曲线图,既可合理地确定不同海况下船舶所应放出的锚链长度,也可减少起锚时的功率消耗和缩短起锚时间。     

正交异性板桥面体系计算支承长度匹配问题研究

针对虎门大桥正交异性钢桥面板,探讨不同边界条件和加载方式下,有限元法和P E法的差异。采用全梁段板壳单元模型,进行8种工况的分析计算。结果表明:支承长度的变化,将导致桥面体系和顶板体系的计算结果有明显差异,并且支承长度和荷载的变化对跨中正应力的影响小于支点位置,因此全梁段模型的计算支承长度需与全桥体系计算中采用的梁单元长度匹配。将跨中和横梁位置桥面板和U形加劲肋的正应力计算结果与P E法进行比较后,发现前一方法更能体现这种结构的整体受力和变形性能,更全面反映不同部位在不同荷载和不同边界条件下的性能差异。通过与实测值的比较,说明本文建立的全梁段板壳单元模型可以反映正交异性桥面板的桥面体系和顶板体系的综合受力性能。     

自锚式悬索桥主缆无应力长度的计算分析研究

该文基于悬链线计算分析理论,将自锚式悬索桥空缆状态,简化为受沿弧长均布的自重荷载与吊索处集中力作用的柔性索,对成都市清水河自锚式悬索桥主缆的无应力长度进行了计算分析。可为类似的桥梁设计和施工提供参考。     

复合式互通交织段通行能力分析及选型

结合成渝地区环线纳溪至宜宾段公路白鹤林复合式互通设计实际,介绍了复合式互通设计主要连接方式,讨论了复合式互通交织段的通行能力,分析了交织车道的布置方案及其特点。结果表明:选择合理的连接方式,既满足了互通的通行能力,又保证了行车安全。     

试验研究作用于准椭圆沉箱群墩上的不规则波波浪力（英文）

An experimental investigation of irregular wave forces on quasi-ellipse caisson structures is presented. Irregular waves were generated based on the Jonswap spectrum with two significant wave heights, and the spectrum peak periods range from 1.19 s to 1.81 s. Incident wave directions relative to the centre line of the multiple caissons are from 0° to 22.5°. The spacing between caissons ranges from 2 to 3 times that of the width of the caisson. The effects of these parameters on the wave forces of both the perforated and non-perforated caissons were compared and analyzed. It was found that the perforated caisson can reduce wave forces, especially in the transverse direction. Furthermore, the relative interval and incident wave direction have significant effects on the wave forces in the case of multiple caissons.     

公交车中途停靠站长度预测方法研究

根据车辆泊松到达分布,运用概率分布与数理统计方法,分析公交线路条数、发车频率以及到达公交车中途停靠站时间分布之间的关系,建立同时到达车辆数概率模型,据此确定某一概率水平下公交车中途停靠站设计停车位数量及车站长度。以北京菜市口公交车中途停靠站为例,运用模型进行演算,并与实际观测值进行对比验证,提出将公交车中途停靠站向交叉口靠近从而方便换乘的改善方案。     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

喷油嘴参数对TR燃烧系统排放性能的影响

在一台单缸135柴油机上,通过试验就喷油嘴参数对TR燃烧系统性能的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,适当增加侧向喷孔数目和侧向喷孔长径比有利于改善TR燃烧系统的排放性能。