公路平面信号交叉口左转车道长度设计

平面交叉口作为道路系统的一个重要组成部分,其服务水平的好坏对整个道路系统的安全和效率有着重要的影响。因为来自不同方向的车流在此处合流、分流和交叉,其中频繁的左转车辆阻碍直行车流的行驶,降低了交叉口的通行能力,增加了交叉口的延误,并增大交通事故率。如果合理设置左转车道能够有效地将左转车辆从直行车流中分离出来,减小车流速度方差,并降低追尾事故的发生;而左转车道,长度的设计是设置左转车道的关键元素,本文主要是针对信号交叉口选取适当的设计指标建立模型,并通过TSIS软件进行仿真分析,得出专用左转相位下的左转车道排队长度,进而计算出左转车道的设计长度。     

自锚式悬索桥主缆无应力长度的计算分析研究

该文基于悬链线计算分析理论,将自锚式悬索桥空缆状态,简化为受沿弧长均布的自重荷载与吊索处集中力作用的柔性索,对成都市清水河自锚式悬索桥主缆的无应力长度进行了计算分析。可为类似的桥梁设计和施工提供参考。     

关于超长桩有效桩长问题的探讨

超长桩的出现给桩基理论研究与工程实践提出了新的课题与挑战,针对工程中的实际情况对超长桩提出了有效桩长的问题。运用数学和力学知识,在假定计算模型的基础上,从理论上推导了超长桩的有效桩长的计算公式。结果表明,有效桩长与工作荷载下的桩顶沉降、桩身刚度及桩顶工作荷载有关。并运用有限元程序,对不同桩长的情况进行了数值模拟计算,进一步探讨了桩长对单桩承载性状的影响,结果表明,当桩长超过一定程度后,通过增加桩长来提高单桩承载力是十分有限的,因此无限制地增加桩长是没有意义的。     

一种预测混凝土路面断裂的方法

运用断裂力学理论，计算出3种典型轮载下引起断板的临界长度；通过无损检测，探测出可能产生断板部位的裂缝长度；比较二者，可知混凝土路面是否即将断裂。用此方法可及早发现可能产生断板的部位，采取适当防护措施延长公路使用寿命。     

大侧偏角下侧偏松弛长度特性的研究

本文在稳态指数统一模型和一阶线性微分方程的基础上，研究了大侧偏角下动态过程中侧偏松弛长度的特性。侧偏松弛长度是由轮胎的侧向弹性决定的。在大侧偏角下，侧偏松弛长度不再是一个常数，而是随着侧向有效滑移率的改变而改变，而且它们之间呈现非线性特性。深入了解侧偏松弛长度的特性对研究轮胎动态特性和建立轮胎动态模型具有重要的作用。     

The impacts of changing flight demands and throughput performance on airport delays through the Great Recession

Several significant events between 2007 and 2009 impacted flight demands and the abilities of the three major New York area airports to handle demand. This paper assesses the results of applying a probabilistic simulation method – which isolates the individual contributions of changes in flight demand and changes in airport throughput performance to changes in flight delays – to diagnose how these different events may have caused operational changes at these airports, and in turn, how the results may be used to inform policies for appropriate countermeasures. The analysis revealed two key observations. Firstly, certain patterns in throughput performance shifts caused the most significant delays, and were more likely to have been caused by controller staffing issues rather than caps. Secondly, relatively constant average delays from one year to the next may result from significant demand drops accompanied by large throughput performance degradations at an airport. This suggests that not only operational limitations on capacity encourage airlines to reduce schedules, but that changed demands can also impact throughput performance. Overall, the analysis indicates that caps may not have provided their fully intended delay benefits. Although they successfully reduced overall flight demands at LGA and JFK, they also directly limited throughput performance at critical times, in turn limiting delay benefits. In addition, demands at the busiest times of the day appear to be relatively inelastic to these operational limitations, insofar as demand profiles at EWR and JFK remained “peaky” in 2008 and 2009. Also, the recession was largely responsible for reducing demands at the airports in 2009, but the delay benefits of this were dampened by a corresponding throughput performance degradation. Based on the above observations, a more direct demand management policy combined with policies that focus on maintaining high staffing capabilities at critical times of the day may be considered, to reduce the likelihood of major queue formation on days that do experience sustained demands. The results also suggest that a more flexible caps system, particularly during times of heavy queues, could be explored. Although airport practitioners have keen understandings of how their airports operate, without the support of quantitative analysis tools, it can be more difficult to argue the need for appropriate countermeasures. An analysis such as the one presented here can provide the detailed quantitative substantiation required to build cases for these targeted policy directives and infrastructure investments.     

预应力蒙皮对客车结构强度的影响分析

通过对某客车结构建立有限元模型,运用有限元法,分析侧围蒙皮添加预应力和不添加预应力两种情况对客车结构强度的影响,为客车生产企业确定侧围蒙皮张拉工艺提供参考。     

滑动标准差在轨道几何区段状态评价中的应用

轨道质量指数TQI为左高低、右高低、左轨向、右轨向、轨距、水平、三角坑各单项标准差的和。各单项项目的标准差直接体现了此项几何不平顺的输入能量,表现为此项几何不平顺的离散程度,当它的值越大时,表明轨道状态较差,对车辆的激励能量大。针对目前分段标准差计算方式不能完全反映轨道质量状态最差的区段、评判结果存在离散性等缺点,提出利用滑动标准差计算方式对轨道区段状态进行评价的方法。通过研究确定合适的计算长度200 m和移动步长20 m,并利用京沪线9~10月份检测数据进行试用,结果表明:滑动标准差不仅能够找到轨道质量状态最差的区段,还能找出更多超出管理值标准的区段,且在识别不良区段的起止位置(长度)和评判结果一致性方面,也明显好于目前的分段标准差计算方式。     

多车道道路改扩建工程中最优施工区长度的研究

针对道路改扩建工程,在分析施工区总费用的基础上,通过对交通流运行特征的研究,对车辆通过施工区所产生的各种延误分别进行推导,建立了由施工费用以及车辆延误费用构成的总费用函数模型,得到了道路改扩建工程中不同施工组织条件下最优施工区长度计算公式。微观仿真研究示例表明,最优施工区长度计算方法具有较好的适用性和正确性。有效指导道路维护部门的施工作业,起到节约社会总成本的作用。     

大直径深嵌岩桩的承载特性与桩长设计研究

基于自平衡桩基测试技术,根据荆岳长江公路大桥一桩的静载荷试验,对其泥质岩地区大直径钻孔嵌岩桩,在嵌岩深度较大情况下的承载特性进行了研究。结果表明:大直径深长嵌岩桩桩顶的Q-S曲线主要是缓变型为主,属摩擦型桩。根据实测的桩侧荷载位移曲线,利用荷载传递法,研究了桩端缩短5,10m两种情况下桩顶的荷载大小及其相应的位移情况,为桩长的设计提供了依据。