长沙市轨道交通可持续发展的SWOT分析与战略选择

以长沙市轨道交通可持续发展为战略目标,利用态势分析法(优劣势、机会和威胁,SWOT)对其发展的优劣势进行分析,提出城市轨道交通要与社会和谐、与资源协调、与环境相容、与城市未来发展一致的战略建议。     

都市区轨道交通多层次各制式量化选择方法研究

为探讨多层次各制式选择方法的量化问题,更为精准、经济、因地制宜地选择轨道交通制式,在线网规划及相关前期工作时就能够基本确定制式,为后续进一步研究确立基础。汇总市域、大运量、中低运量各类轨道交通制式的技术参数,研究基于客流走廊特征、节点重要度、节点联系强度的轨道交通制式选择方法,并以大西安都市区为实例进行分析,考虑节点重要度、联系强度因素,将走廊客流量级与各制式量级进行匹配,进而确定各走廊适宜的制式。结果表明,通过该方法进行制式选择分析更为精确,能够体现城市结构特征,并满足不同层次的交通需求。     

Estimating the influence of common disruptions on urban rail transit networks

With the continuous expansion of urban rapid transit networks, disruptive incidents—such as station closures, train delays, and mechanical problems—have become more common, causing such problems as threats to passenger safety, delays in service, and so on. More importantly, these disruptions often have ripple effects that spread to other stations and lines. In order to provide better management and plan for emergencies, it has become important to identify such disruptions and evaluate their influence on travel times and delays. This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve these goals. It employs the tap-in and tap-out data on the distribution of passengers from smart cards collected by automated fare collection (AFC) facilities as well as past disruptions within networks. Three characteristic types of abnormal passenger flow are divided and analyzed, comprising (1) “missed” passengers who have left the system, (2) passengers who took detours, and (3) passengers who were delayed but continued their journeys. In addition, the suggested computing method, serving to estimate total delay times, was used to manage these disruptions. Finally, a real-world case study based on the Beijing metro network with the real tap-in and tap-out passenger data is presented.     

Airline network choice and market coverage under high-speed rail competition

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on trunk routes. We show that prior to HSR competition, an airline is more likely to adopt a fully-connected network and cover fewer fringe markets if the trunk market is large. Under HSR competition, the airline will, for a given network structure, have a greater incentive to cover more fringe (regional or foreign) markets if the trunk market is large, or the airline network is close to hub-and-spoke. Further, the airline will, for any given market coverage, move towards a hub-and-spoke network when the trunk market is large, or the number of fringe markets covered by the airline network is large. Both effects are more prominent when the decreasing rate of airline density economies is large. We further show that HSR competition can induce the airline to adopt network structure and market coverage that are closer to the socially optimal ones, thereby suggesting a new source of welfare gain from HSR based on its long-term impacts on airlines. Implications for operators, policy makers and specific countries (such as China) are also discussed.     

The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

城市轨道交通附属资源的商业化开发

城市轨道交通附属资源商业化开发所产生的资源性收益可以有效弥补其公益性服务所产生的效益外部化.结合深圳地铁的经验,介绍了城市轨道交通附属资源的分类,分析了附属资源商业化的积极作用以及附属资源商业化过程中应重点关注的问题.城市轨道交通因其公共产品的属性,存在政策性的经营亏损,因此,附属资源的商业化开发是城市轨道交通可持续发展的重要支撑,需要高度重视,深化研究.     

国产长输管道焊接施工装备研究

近年来,长输油气管道焊接施工装备技术快速发展,大量新型管道施工装备投入管道工程现场应用,比如管道全位置自动焊机、管道管端坡口机、管道内环缝自动焊机已被分别用于管口焊接、坡口加工、管口组对。在大厚壁、高钢级、大口径管道施工中,这些设备既提高了管道施工效率,也提高了管口的焊接质量。根据实际应用情况,阐述了前述设备的结构、性能和其他技术特点,以使相关技术人员对国产管道施工装备有进一步的认识。     

地铁杂散电流的腐蚀及防护影响分析

根据轨道交通的杂散电流产生原理,结合工程实际,提出了杂散电流防护体系;并结合轨道交通的工程特点,从杂散电流与接地的关系分析,提出了隧道和车站的结构钢筋可用作设备接地的建议.     

国产内燃机车排气阀焊修后焊接过热区的脆化及使用寿命分析

本文采用焊接热模拟和时效热处理等方法处理试件,通过金相分析和性能试验,研究了内燃机车排气阀焊修后焊接过热区的脆化及其使用寿命问题.     

深圳地铁一期工程正线信号系统设计及其分析

本文从系统的结构、层次及设计技术等多方面对深圳地铁一期的正线信号与控制系统的三套子系统作了全面分析，并详细阐述了各子系统实现的关键技术。