Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

几种常用公路交通噪声预测模式准确性分析

根据成温邛高速公路和成绵高速公路的交通量、车型及车速等监测数据,应用美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模式、JTG B03-2006推荐噪声预测模式和HJ 2.4-2009推荐噪声预测模式,分别对两条高速公路进行噪声预测,将噪声预测值与实测值进行对比,分析在相同车流量、车型及车速等条件下各预测模式预测值与实测值的差值大小,并分析其原因,得出在高速公路交通噪声预测的准确性上,HJ 2.4-2009预测模式优于FHWA预测模式和JTG B03-2006预测模式。     

沥青路面永久变形设计方程研究

对于半刚性基层、刚性基层、柔性基层、组合式基层的沥青路面典型结构,计算出不同季节时不同深度处沥青混合料的温度和动模量,采用分层总和法计算出路面总永久变形,计算出平均塑性应变点的深度和弹性应变,并在路面总永久变形和季节平均气温、面层厚度、平均塑性应变点的弹性应变以及标准轴载累积作用次数间建立了回归公式,相关系数（R2）均在0.93以上,最后建立了沥青路面永久变形预估方法。结果表明,可以利用本文的方法来代替分层总和法预估沥青路面的永久变形,但前者更简单实用。     

基于GM（1，1）模型的高速公路边坡变形预测

基于边坡变形监测信息具有一定的灰色特征,应用灰色系统理论的原理和方法,建立了边坡变形预测等步长与非等步长GM（1,1）预测模型。采用GM（1,1）模型对衡桂高速公路某典型边坡段测斜管监测变形监测数据进行预测,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,表明了本文建立的灰色预测模型具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型预测古树屋边坡变形

基于预测拟合值和实际监测值的相对误差划分不同的预测状态,利用马尔可夫链对灰色GM(1,1)预测值进行修正,计算得到边坡变形的范围和相应的预测值。以古树屋开挖边坡为研究对象,利用耦合模型对其变形进行预测,得到边坡的变形预测值为57.006 0 mm,预测的变形范围大小在56.845 8～61.755 4 mm之间。实例分析结果表明:与线性回归模型以及单纯灰色模型预测结果比较,采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型对开挖边坡变形进行预测的结果精度较好,且能较准确地预测边坡变形大小的范围。     

基于交通流量预测的高速公路收费道口运营策略研究

以宁沪高速公路南京主线收费站数据为样本,使用现代时间序列模型预测收费道口交通流量,提出了基于交通流量预测的收费道口运营策略制定方法,并给出了应用实例。     

地铁站水冷空调机组IPLV计算方法讨论

大量测试数据表明,在现行地铁环控系统中,冷机大部分时间处于部分负荷状态,因此用于评判地铁站冷水机组部分负荷综合性能的IPLV值的计算方法值得研究.使用了一种逐时计算地铁车站负荷的方法,计算得出北京市、上海市、广州市典型地铁标准站全年的逐时负荷曲线.根据全年逐时负荷曲线统计了3个城市地铁车站不同负荷率区间占比情况,从而得...     

基于CFD分析的船舶横摇运动统计特征

船舶大幅度横摇的准确预报一直是船舶工程界关注的热点研究方向之一。基于CFD软件Fluent对船舶横摇问题进行了数值模拟研究,建立了船体自由横摇运动的有限体积模型。通过对一系列船体于静水中作不同初始横摇角的自由横摇运动进行数值模拟,分析得出船体横摇非线性过程中横摇角幅值存在一定的统计规律,并提出基于此统计规律对船体的大幅横摇运动进行数值预报的方法。     

破损舰船运动与波浪载荷预报方法

为了研究舰船舱室破损对船体运动与波浪载荷的影响,采用三维频域势流理论,计算了发生第二类舱室破损后舰船在斜浪规则波上的运动与垂向弯矩。以一典型破损情况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态及稳性,并与破损前进行了比较,结果显示,横摇运动及垂向弯矩明显增加,而其它5个自由度运动则有所减小。基于船舶静力学原理,分析了舰船破损对浮态及稳性的影响。最后,使用格林函数法研究了舱室进水导致的液舱晃荡,结果表明,液舱晃荡附加质量在某些频率附近有明显的共振效应,必须通过阻尼系数考虑流体粘性的影响,避免产生非物理结果。