Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

太原市可持续交通发展策略研究

针对太原市社会、经济、交通现状提出发展可持续交通的思想,并从交通管理体制、制定交通规划以及具体措施几个方面提出相应的策略以求交通发展能满足当代人和后代的交通需求,实现与资源、环境的协调发展。     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资优化调度研究

针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度不尽合理、集配中心中转效率不够高等问题，重新设计了重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资调度与配送体系，并给出了应急医疗物资的分类方法。从医疗物资使用需求和库存估计可使用时间2个维度构建需求点紧急度指标，考虑突发公共卫生事件特征，以加权的需求满足率最大化为主要目标、车辆行驶距离最小化为次要目标，构建应急医疗物资动态分配模型，并通过算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。结果表明：所构建的模型能够兼顾医疗物资分配的公平和效率，符合突发公共卫生事件中应急医疗物资供给和需求的动态变化特性，确保在物资短时间供给不足的情况下各需求点也能公平获取一定比例的物资；且模型仅要求各需求点上报各种品类医疗物资的使用人数和库存量，同时模型还给出数据缺失时的自动计算办法，可操作性更强；运用紧急度指标对需求满足率最大化目标进行校正，解决了各需求点因需求量差异对公平分配造成的影响，使得应急医疗物资分配更加合理。研究成果结合了新冠肺炎疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度的具体过程，使得分配模型更符合实际需要，可为城市应急医疗物资优化调度提供决策依据。     

Containership scheduling with transit-time-sensitive container shipment demand

This paper examines the optimal containership schedule with transit-time-sensitive demand that is assumed to be a decreasing continuous function of transit time. A mixed-integer nonlinear non-convex optimization model is first formulated to maximize the total profit of a ship route. In view of the problem structure, a branch-and-bound based holistic solution method is developed. It is rigorously demonstrated that this solution method can obtain an ε-optimal solution in a finite number of iterations for general forms of transit-time-sensitive demand. Computational results based on a trans-Pacific liner ship route demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the solution method.     

随机变分方程解的存在,唯一性问题

研究了随机有限元方法的理论基础－随机变分方程解的合理性问题，证明了一般形式的随机变分方程解的存在与唯一性定性，明确了在随机扰动算子不足以破坏均值微分算子的强制性条件－不会导致方程类型变异的前提下，Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ择一定理的第二个结果成立，此时在概率１的意义上变分解存在而且唯一。     

基于随机需求的多频次道路货运调度模型及算法

以道路货物运输为研究对象,采用多频次调度方法对随机需求的道路货运调度问题进行研究,给出了基于随机需求的多频次调度模型及求解模型的微粒群算法,同时通过算例验证了该模型的可行性。     

肋骨非均匀排列的圆柱壳振动特性研究

研究了肋骨非均匀排列对加肋圆柱壳振动特性的影响。首先,以安德森定域效应的原理为基础,肋骨间距为随机分布,分析了肋骨非均匀排列时圆柱壳的振动特性,然后,采用两种肋骨间距,交替排列,构造整个圆柱壳的肋骨不等间距排列形式,两种肋骨间距的确定方法是:保持两种肋骨间距的总和不变,逐步增大两者的间距差,从而增加相邻的肋骨间的两个圆环结构的固有频率差,直至固有频率差趋于不变,最终确定了两种肋骨间距。分别计算并对比分析了肋骨等间距和不等间距排列的圆柱壳的均方振速,结果表明:肋骨不等间距排列具有一定的减振效果。     

从宏观经济形势看中重型卡车的技术战略

基于我国GDP走势、社会货运总量、国内工业化进程、产业结构升级、发展地区调整等宏观经济因素导致的公路运输供给和需求分析,结合东风商用车市场研究,探索我国重化工业阶段国内卡车市场需求的发展趋势和技术战略。