沉管结构预制阶段裂缝控制参数影响分析

混凝土沉管隧道在越江和跨海工程中得到了较广的应用,预制方法从传统的干坞法预制发展为工厂法预制。沉管隧道的混凝土管节在工厂化预制阶段容易因温度梯度、收缩以及约束等原因出现危害性裂缝,影响沉管结构的正常使用和长期耐久性。采用数值仿真和试验研究相结合的方法,基于水化度方法建立了混凝土材料模型,综合考虑混凝土温度变形、自收缩和徐变等时变体积变形以及热-力学边界条件;针对沉管工厂化预制的各个阶段,对配合比、入模温度、养护环境温度、模板、拆模时间、养护时间以及保温养护措施等参数进行了对比分析;在温度场和应力场计算结果基础上,以开裂风险指数为主要判断依据,得到了沉管在预制过程中裂缝控制的关键影响因素。研究结果表明:工厂化预制沉管隧道混凝土管节的入模温度和养护温度是沉管结构预制各阶段的关键裂缝控制影响因素,两者之间的关系对沉管结构的裂缝控制有直接影响,入模温度较高时,可以通过提高养护温度来保证沉管开裂风险指数大于1.4。在冬季时,养护温度的提高使沉管有较好的保温效果,进而降低内外温差和开裂风险;但在夏季还需注意控制其内部最高温度。最后开展足尺节段温控试验,提出入模温度和养护温度的控制措施,并通过温度监测得到较高环境温度下的温度控制指标,以指导工厂化混凝土沉管预制阶段裂缝控制。     

激光切割在机车钢结构件制造中的应用

文章初步探讨激光切割在机车钢结构件制造中的应用,并根据实践对影响碳钢板材切割质量的因素进行分析,给出了一套控制加工质量的工艺参数。     

青藏铁路救援工具车

介绍了青藏铁路救援工具车的平面布置、技术参数和主要结构特点。     

转K7型转向架的研制

介绍了转K7型转向架的设计原理、主要技术特点、主要技术参数、主要结构以及试验和运用情况。     

地铁车辆直通电空制动装置风源系统设计

通过对地铁车辆直通电空制动系统中风源系统的原理分析和参数计算,为地铁车辆制动系统的设计研究提供理论依据。     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

Identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems: application to short long arm vehicle suspension

The identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems is addressed and applied to short long arm (SLA) front car suspension. The main goal of the identification technique is to obtain, from experimental measurements, the values of those dynamic parameters (masses, location of the centre of masses, terms of the inertial matrix of the links, constant friction terms and elastic and viscous damping constant terms) that affect the dynamic behaviour of the system. Moreover, additional but important information that could be obtained from the procedure is related to the weight of those terms inside the dynamics of the system, so that simplified dynamic models based on relevant and well-identified parameters can be established. First, a systematic procedure will be presented for obtaining the equations of motion in a linear form with regard to the dynamic parameters to be identified. The main drawbacks related to the identification of parameters in low-mobility mechanisms will be pointed out, mainly the difficulty of determining a natural cutoff point into the singular values of the observation matrix which allows us to determine the true dimension of the set of base parameters and of obtaining an observation matrix well conditioned from the numerical point of view that allows an identification in the presence of measurement error. The procedure proposed for overcoming these problems will be based on the development of symbolic relationships among the physical parameters in order to determine the true rank of the observation matrix and on the consideration of a reduced subset of the base parameters set. These relevant parameters will be selected according to their influence on the dynamic behaviour of the mechanical system. A virtual benchmark will be used for testing purposes. The dynamic models based on relevant parameters show a better adjustment than the complete ones, mainly when the level of noise in the measurements used in the identification process increases.     

Parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence for shock resistance of double-stage vibration isolation system with limiters北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］For marine nuclear power plants, the relative displacement of the pump supported by a vibration isolation system should be strictly restricted. In order to improve the shock resistance of a vibration isolation system with displacement limiters, the parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence are studied. ［Methods］The theoretical model of a double-stage vibration isolation system with typical limiter parameters is established, the analysis of the shock response characteristics of the system is carried out using the direct integration method, the optimal limiter parameters are obtained using a genetic algorithm, and the influence of parameter deviation on the shock resistance of the system is studied. ［Results］Limiter parameters significantly affect the shock response characteristics of the vibration isolation system. The optimal limiter parameters improve the shock resistance of the system, but parameter deviation has a great influence on shock resistance. Based on the influence of parameter deviation, a deviation control strategy is proposed in which the elastic parameter should have a positive deviation and the gap parameter a negative deviation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively alleviate the shock resistance degradation caused by deviation.［Conclusions］The results of this study can be used to guide the design, manufacturing and variation control of limiters for vibration isolation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

高速公路相机自动标定及道路坐标系构建

为解决高速公路场景下利用视频监控系统正确描述车辆相对于道路的空间位置问题，通过引入Frenet坐标系概念，提出一种基于相机自动标定的道路坐标系模型。在相机自动标定阶段，利用线分段拟合方法从曲线车辆轨迹中提取平行于直线路段的轨迹点，并通过级联霍夫变换精确估计道路方向的消失点。然后,根据多车辆三维模型约束，对相机参数进行迭代优化。基于标定结果，将车辆轨迹映射到世界坐标系平面上，并用3次样条插值进行拟合。根据大量运动车辆在道路平面内形成的轨迹域分布特征，综合边界约束估计道路中心点。最后，结合道路中心线在各点处的法线向量与车道宽度信息确定平移量，并利用点平移运动拟合车道线，实现道路坐标系的自动建立。使用真实高速公路视频数据，在多种道路条件下进行试验。研究结果表明:在标定阶段，构建方法对不同高速公路场景的最大标定误差不超过11.55%;与最新的方法相比，直线道路平均标定误差分别降低6.68%和3.58%，弯曲道路平均标定误差分别降低7.43%和2.61%;在道路坐标系构建阶段，构建方法的平均投影距离为0.077 m，接近最新方法的0.069 5 m；而其平均精度为0.916，显著优于最新方法的0.663；所提道路坐标系能够自适应道路形态的变化，有效解决了从监控视频中描述车辆与道路之间相对位置关系的问题。     

Estimating the ride quality characteristics of vehicles with random decrement analysis of on-the-road vibration response data

This paper describes the application of a practical analytical technique based on the random decrement method to estimate the rigid sprung mass dynamic characteristics (frequency response function) of road vehicles using only vibration response data during constant-speed operation. A brief history and development of the random decrement technique is presented, along with a summary of work undertaken on optimal parameter selection to establish the random decrement signature. Two approaches to estimate the dynamic characteristics from the random decrement signature are described and evaluated. A custom, single-wheeled vehicle (physical quarter car) was commissioned to undertake a series of on-the-road experiments at various nominally constant operating speeds. The vehicle, also instrumented as an inertial profilometer, simultaneously measured the longitudinal pavement profile to establish the vehicle's actual dynamic characteristics during operation. The main outcome of the paper is that the random decrement technique can be used to provide accurate estimates of the sprung mass mode of the vehicle's dynamic characteristics for both linear and nonlinear suspension systems of an idealised vehicle.