高速铁路道岔三维表面模型生成方法研究

高速铁路道岔病害整治是铁路工务部门日常维护的重要工作,通过非接触式扫描获取道岔断面轮廓来提升病害整治能力已势在必行,而利用扫描数据确定病害及整治位置的关键为建立精准的道岔三维数字模型。为生成高精度的变截面道岔三维表面模型,提出一种生成高速铁路道岔表面数字模型的几何法。以高速铁路18号道岔为例,根据变截面钢轨轮廓线型几何关系,推算任意位置截面轮廓线型节点列坐标及对应线型属性信息,编程实现尖轨与心轨表面数字模型自动化生成,然后与现有的拟合插值法和放样重建法进行比较。结果显示:几何法生成变截面道岔数字模型与设计模型偏差最大值小于0.1 mm、标准差小于0.02 mm,整体平滑性优于拟合插值法和放样重建方法,模型精度完全能够满足病害探测和整治及科学研究的要求。     

广东西部沿海铁路江门南站软土土性参数随机场特性研究

研究目的:广东西部沿海铁路江门南站范围内分布有较厚的软土,其成因为潭江入海口海陆交互相冲积,土性主要为淤泥质黏土和粉质黏土,局部有沙砾夹层,为了满足承载力及工后沉降的要求,路基基底必须采用复合地基进行加固。合理选择土性参数是复合地基设计的关键,由于土体是在自然条件下形成的,其性质表现出很大的变异性,所以采用概率分析方法设计复合地基显得更加合理。土性参数随机场特性研究可以为复合地基概率设计方法提供依据,本文利用CPT资料对江门南站软土土性参数的随机场特性进行了研究。研究结论:形成了比较系统的随机场研究方法,得到了主要土层的方差折减函数;统计得到了压缩模量、承载力及抗剪强度指标的均值和方差,利用方差折减函数对方差进行了修正,为路基概率设计方法提供依据。     

针对LDPC信道编码的无线视频传输性能分析

本文对H.264压缩视频使用低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)信道编码策略,分别在加性高斯白噪声、随机误码以及瑞利平坦衰落3种无线信道传输环境下,从信噪比和误码率等信道特性与重建视频质量之间的关系分析无线视频的传输性能.结果表明:无线信道状态不稳定使视频解码质量产生较大波动,且不同数据段误码对视频解码质量的影响不同.此外LDPC码在3种信道下均具有较强的抗传输差错能力.这些分析结果对无线视频传输技术的研究与设计具有一定的参考价值.     

多相交流变频调速电机的研制

基于多相交流绕组理论,文章阐述了多相交流变频调速电机的构成原理和特点,进一步从企业自身产业发展的需求出发,着重开发多相交流变频调速电机电磁计算程序和相应的定子绕组设计方法。在研制成功的200 kW六相8极移30°交流变频调速电机的基础上,通过大量试验论证,证明采用本设计程序和铁路三相异步牵引电机的结构设计方法可系统地解决多相大功率交流变频调速电机的关键技术。     

城市轨道交通双线变宽连续U梁设计

对某工程城市轨道交通双线变宽连续U梁进行精细化设计.该桥采用三跨连续结构,变宽幅度远超同类型其他桥梁,设计难度较大.其变宽段采用了将中腹板进行"加厚+加箱室+分岔"的系统设计方法,整体构造复杂,需进行深入研究.通过建立全桥杆系与三维有限元模型,分析全桥空间应力效应、主桥横向受力、变宽段局部受力以及支反力与多腹板剪力分配...     

机车尾气余热加热燃油系统可靠性设计

提出了机车尾气余热加热燃油系统模型,分析了影响该系统换热因素的随机特征,提出了机车尾气余热加热燃油系统的可靠性分析方法;针对机车尾气余热加热燃油系统换热器的实际工况,论述了系统换热性能指标及设计值的变异性对系统性能的影响;并运用于某机型设计,给出了基于可靠性理论的机车尾气余热加热燃油系统分析计算方法及设计步骤。     

Active school travel: homogeneity or heterogeneity? That is the question

ABSTRACT

To explain and predict active school travel (AST), most studies have not investigated to what extent considering taste heterogeneity is an important influence on AST share. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate whether considering unobserved taste heterogeneity through mixed logit models – including random coefficient and random coefficient analysis (RCA) – materially improves/influences the AST prediction compared to a simpler model – the multinomial logit (MNL) model. The database comprises 735 valid observations. The results show that, with a 10% increase in perceived walking time to school, the MNL model predicts that the AST share would decrease by 7.8% (from 18.9% to 17.4%) while the RCA model predicts that it would decrease by 8.5% (from 18.9% to 17.3%). Thus, the expected share of AST is overestimated by MNL by one-tenth of a percentage point. Although there might be random taste variations around perceived distance to school, it seems the other important policy-sensitive variables, such as safety perception, homogeneously impacts on the AST share across households with different socioeconomic and built environment characteristics. Our empirical assessment suggests that considering taste heterogeneity does not necessarily improve the accuracy of analysis for the aggregate share of the AST concerning policy-sensitive variables.     

Applications of Random-Utility-based Multi-region Input–Output Models of Transport and the Spatial Economy

Abstract

An introduction to random-utility-based multiregional input–output models used for the purpose of spatial economic and transport interaction modelling is provided. The main methodological developments and important results of a dozen applications from the years 1996–2013 are described. This is followed by an outlook of potential future directions. Further research is mainly needed in five areas: (a) overall validation of the method, perhaps through back-casting applications on infrastructure plans with observed trade impacts; (b) extensions of trade coefficient models to add realism and improve accuracy; (c) the use of multi-scale modelling to capture interdependencies between geographical scales and to improve the representation of exports and imports; (d) improvements in the representation of price effects, as well as innovation and technological progress, by way of variable technical coefficients; and (e) a deeper investigation of the algorithm used to include elastic selling prices.     

Random regret minimization or random utility maximization: an exploratory analysis in the context of automobile fuel choice

Interest in alternative behavioural paradigms to random utility maximization (RUM) has existed ever since the dominance of the RUM formulation. One alternative is known as random regret minimization (RRM), which suggests that when choosing between alternatives, decision makers aim to minimize anticipated regret. Although the idea of regret is not new, its incorporation into the same discrete choice framework of RUM is very recent. This paper is the first to apply the RRM‐model framework to model choice amongst durable goods. Specifically, we estimate and compare the RRM and RUM models in a stated choice context of choosing amongst vehicles fuelled with petrol, diesel and hybrid (associated with specific levels of fuel efficiency and engine capacity). The RRM model is found to achieve a marginally better fit (using a non‐nested test of differences) than its equally parsimonious RUM counterpart. As a second contribution, we derive a formulation for regret‐based elasticities and compare utility‐based and regret‐based elasticities in the context of stated vehicle type choices. We find that in the context of our choice data, mean estimates of elasticities are different for many of the attributes and alternatives. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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高速公路投资风险评估对高速公路可持续发展具有重要作用.首先,本文针对传统的准三层BP神经网络评价模型运算精度和运算效率之间的矛盾,从其结构优化的角度出发,提出并设计了输入层神经元到隐含层神经元、隐含层神经元到输出层神经元的随机重连过程的变结构神经网络模型;其次,针对中国高速公路的投资特点,建立了高速公路项目投资风险的评价指标体系,设计了基于随机重连过程的变结构神经网络的高速公路项目投资风险评价模型,运用中国10条高速公路项目对模型进行了训练并对4条高速公路投资风险进行评估.研究结果表明,该模型预测的平均相对误差为1.91%,最大相对误差为2.63%,具有良好的预测效果.