带二维装箱约束的客货滚装船配载决策

客货滚装船长期处于人工配载状态，其独特性导致其无法直接采用已有滚装船配载方法.为提高客货滚装港口配载的决策水平，针对配载过程的两阶段和二维装箱特性，以船舱面积利用率最大为目标，构建客货滚装船配载决策模型.为实现大规模求解，设计偏随机密钥混合遗传算法求解，算法由多阶段启发式嵌入偏随机密钥遗传算法构成.多阶段启发式首先通过首层配载、主体配载和补充配载三段启发式完成初始解构造，其次采用横纵倾优化策略调整船舶稳性.算例研究表明，偏随机密钥混合遗传算法表现良好，且在大规模应用实验中鲁棒性较好，可实现客货滚装船的有效配载.     

考虑群体异质性的建成环境与老年人慢行出行关系研究

健康老龄化背景下，慢行出行是提升老年人身心健康、生活品质的重要方式，而建成环境是影响老年人慢行出行的重要因素。本文以2013年南京市老年人出行实测数据为基础，利用潜在类别聚类方法对老年群体进行异质性分析，分类建立随机森林模型研究建成环境指标对不同老年群体慢行出行时间的重要度影响及两者之间的非线性关联。研究结果表明：以性别、是否退休、学历、家庭收入以及学龄前儿童这5个类别变量作为外显变量，可将老年群体划分成两类，各自建立的老年人慢行时间模型整体拟合优度较好；其中，影响第1类老年群体的关键建成环境变量有慢行路网密度、交叉口数和地铁站邻近度，第2类老年群体慢行出行时间的影响因素主要有地铁站邻近度、慢行路网密度和住宅密度，另外同一建成环境指标对两类老年群体慢行出行时间的非线性关联也不相同。研究结果可为制定差异化的老年宜居环境优化政策，提升老年人生活品质以及实现健康老龄化提供理论依据。     

基于太阳辐射效应校正的高原铁路廊道地热异常区识别研究

为提高热红外遥感识别地热异常区的准确度，选取高原铁路廊道作为研究区，基于Landsat8数据采用单窗算法反演得到白天地表温度，并基于ECO2LSTE数据得到夜间地表温度；然后，利用随机森林方法选取海拔、坡度、坡向、累积太阳辐射、NDVI、NDSI、NDWI以及反照率作为输入因子，得到去除太阳辐射效应的地表温度；最后，选取去除太阳辐射效应的地表温度、断裂密度、到水系距离和地磁异常作为指标因子，采用确定性系数模型定量识别地热异常区，并利用已知温泉点对结果进行评价。结果表明： 1）随机森林方法可有效去除非地热引起的温度变化，减弱太阳辐射效应，提高地热异常区识别的准确度； 2）地热异常区评价结果与已知温泉点分布较为一致，高异常区和中异常区的识别结果可靠； 3）高原铁路廊道主要途经7个地热异常区，经过高异常区和中异常区的廊道长度分别为72 km和125 km，泸定—康定、理塘盆地及周边、巴塘、贡觉、昌都—察雅、八宿、波密—鲁朗是需要重点防范高温热害的区段。研究结果初步实现了高原铁路廊道的地热异常区定量化和精细化识别。     

Development of a bushing with an active compliance chamber for variable displacement engines

In this paper a novel active compliance chamber is designed, which can be used to control the dynamic stiffness of a common hydraulic bushing. This chamber offers a simple and cost-effective solution for the variable displacement engine (VDE) isolation problem. A VDE system requires a soft bushing for the half cylinder mode and a regular one for normal engine operations. A magnetic actuator is used to produce mechanical pulses. The linearisation technique is used for simplifying the nonlinear equation of motion. Different current sources are used to feed the magnetic actuator. The pressure inside the chamber follows linearly the current input signal. The phase shift in various current inputs is used in the form of the transfer functions to create the required pressure response pattern in the frequency domain. Since the dynamic stiffness of a conventional hydraulic bushing is a direct function of the pressure inside it, the active compliance chamber can be used to alter the pressure and consequently produce the required dynamic stiffness response. As a result, it can address the engine vibration problem for VDE situation.     

Non-steady state modelling of wheel–rail contact problem

Among all the algorithms to solve the wheel–rail contact problem, Kalker's FastSim has become the most useful computation tool since it combines a low computational cost and enough precision for most of the typical railway dynamics problems. However, some types of dynamic problems require the use of a non-steady state analysis. Alonso and Giménez developed a non-stationary method based on FastSim, which provides both, sufficiently accurate results and a low computational cost. However, it presents some limitations; the method is developed for one time-dependent creepage and its accuracy for varying normal forces has not been checked. This article presents the required changes in order to deal with both problems and compares its results with those given by Kalker's Variational Method for rolling contact.     

Control of a hydraulically actuated continuously variable transmission

Vehicular drivelines with hierarchical powertrain control require good component controller tracking, enabling the main controller to reach the desired goals. This paper focuses on the development of a transmission ratio controller for a hydraulically actuated metal push-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT), using models for the mechanical and the hydraulic part of the CVT. The controller consists of an anti-windup PID feedback part with linearizing weighting and a setpoint feedforward. Physical constraints on the system, especially with respect to the hydraulic pressures, are accounted for using a feedforward part to eliminate their undesired effects on the ratio. The total ratio controller guarantees that one clamping pressure setpoint is minimal, avoiding belt slip, while the other is raised above the minimum level to enable shifting. This approach has potential for improving the efficiency of the CVT, compared to non-model based ratio controllers. Vehicle experiments show that adequate tracking is obtained together with good robustness against actuator saturation. The largest deviations from the ratio setpoint are caused by actuator pressure saturation. It is further revealed that all feedforward and compensator terms in the controller have a beneficial effect on minimizing the tracking error.     

全方向推进器非定常水动力性能的面元预报方法

研究了全方向推进器非定常水动力性能的面元预报方法,基于螺旋桨面元法建立了全方向推进器的非定常水动力性能计算的数学模型,对全方向推进器的非定常水动力性能进行了数值预报。采用了关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面元以消除面元间的缝隙。用Newton-Raphson迭代过程在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件。在计算面元的影响系数时,应用Morino导出的解析计算公式加快了数值计算的速度。为避免数值求导中的奇异性,用Yanagizawa方法求得物体表面上的速度分布。本文计算结果与日本水池模型试验结果、升力线方法计算结果及升力面方法计算结果进行了对比。     

电流源变频调速系统的间谐波分析

变频器的间谐波问题日益受到重视.以常见的电流源变频器为例,运用谐波调制理论,并结合开关函数的傅立叶分析,分析了电流源变频器在电源侧产生间谐波的机理,建立其简化模型.利用电流源变频调速系统以及电磁仿真软件对模型进行验证,结果证实了该模型的可靠性.     

轮胎式变跨龙门吊的设计

我国的客运专线大量采用板式无砟轨道结构形式,在轨道板的敷设过程中需要配套专用的机械设备,即轮胎式变跨门吊。结合无砟轨道的施工特点及线路断面结构,在轨行式单梁、双梁门吊主体构架的基础上,研究开发了适应线路断面变化,具有走行转向灵活、无级变跨等功能的轮胎式变跨门吊。重点介绍了轮胎式变跨门吊的主要技术参数、结构特征以及变跨机构的设计等,为今后的轮胎式门吊、变跨式门吊的设计及改造提供了参考借鉴。     

一种改进的步长自适应EASI算法

首先定义了描述信号分离状态的一种测度，并在认真分析相关固定步长和变步长EASI算法的基础上，将其加以运用，提出一种新的步长自适应EASI算法。由于该算法步长是基于分离状态的，其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应的选取，因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之问的矛盾。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致，证实了该算法明显优于其它的EASI算法。