多种加速工况下车辆悬架系统非平稳随机振动特性研究

文章研究了车辆在多种加速工况下受到路面的非平稳随机激励,以及因此产生的非平稳随机振动响应特性。利用协方差等效法和滤波白噪声法建立车辆在不同加速度下所受到的道路激励模型,采用精细积分法求解1/4车辆模型在不同激励下车轮与车身的垂向加速度响应。结果表明,车辆通过同一等级路面时,路面非平稳激励、车身和车轮垂向加速度均会随行驶加速度的增加而呈现不同比例的增大。     

Forecasting road traffic conditions using a context-based random forest algorithm

With the ability to accurately forecast road traffic conditions several hours, days and even months ahead of time, both travellers and network managers can take pro-active measures to minimise congestion, saving time, money and emissions. This study evaluates a previously developed random forest algorithm, RoadCast, which was designed to achieve this task. RoadCast incorporates contexts using machine learning to forecast more accurately contexts such as public holidays, sporting events and school term dates. This paper evaluates the potential of RoadCast as a traffic forecasting algorithm for use in Intelligent Transport System applications. Tests are undertaken using a number of different forecast horizons and varying amounts of training data, and an implementation procedure is recommended.     

基于变权可拓物元的铁路“走出去”公私合营项目风险决策

针对铁路“走出去”公私合营(PPP)项目的风险评估决策需求，提出一种基于变权可拓物元模型与累积前景理论的风险决策方法。在构建风险评价指标体系的基础上，通过经典域、节域矩阵及待评物元等级量化值综合确定各风险指标的组合权重。考虑决策者损失规避、收益偏好等心理特征，结合变权理论与贴近度准则，从损益角度综合确定风险决策参考点，基于蒙特卡洛模拟构建风险决策价值函数与概率权重函数，通过敏感性分析对不同风险指标取值下累积前景值的相应变化进行探讨，并以实际铁路“走出去”PPP项目为例进行风险评估决策。相应分析结果表明，所提出的风险决策方法能够有效识别铁路“走出去”PPP项目建设运营过程中面临的关键风 险，判别项目风险等级贴近度，并为铁路企业与政府机构进行风险决策提供参考。     

Kinematics of a smart variable caster mechanism for a vehicle steerable wheel

The lateral force of a tyre is a function of the sideslip and camber angles. The camber angle can provide a significant effect on the stability of a vehicle by increasing or adjusting the required lateral force to keep the vehicle on the road. To control the camber angle and hence, the lateral force of each tyre, we can use the caster angle of the wheel. We introduce a possible variable and controllable caster angle ? in order to adjust the camber angle when the sideslip angle cannot be changed. As long as the left and right wheels are steering together according to a kinematic condition, such as Ackerman, the sideslip angle of the inner wheel cannot be increased independently to alter the reduced lateral force because of weight transfer and reduction of the normal load F _z . A variable caster mechanism can adjust the caster angle of the wheels to achieve their top capacity and maximise the lateral force, when needed. Such a system would potentially increase the safety, stability, and maneuverability of the vehicles. Using the screw theory, this paper will examine the kinematics of a variable caster and present the required mathematical equation to calculate the camber angle as a function of suspension mechanism parameters and other relevant variables. Having a steered wheel about a tilted steering axis will change the position and orientation of the wheel with respect to the body of the car. This paper provides the required kinematics of such a suspension and extracts the equations in special practical situations. The analysis is for an ideal situation in which we substitute the tyre with its equivalent disc at the tyre plane.     

进气参数对HCCI汽油机缸内残余废气分布的影响

在采用全可变气门机构的汽油HCCI试验机上,固定排气门升程和相位,选取了4组不同的进气门升程与相位组合,并应用Simpack软件对气体流动进行计算,同时还引入了残余废气的空间分布率和不均匀度的概念,分析了进气门相位和升程对缸内残余废气分布的影响。结果表明:改变进气门的开启定时和升程会对缸内残余废气的分布造成一定的影响,进气门开启定时对缸内残余废气不均匀度的影响比进气门开启升程对其的影响要大;进气门开启时刻越早,上止点附近残余废气不均匀度越小。     

柴油机可变涡流进气流动的数值模拟研究

为1台2.0L的4气门柴油机设计了可变涡流进气系统,利用三维CFD软件AVL-Fire分别对柴油机的3种气道型式的气体流动进行了数值模拟计算,得出了不同型式进气道的流通特性和涡流特性。提出了两种涡流控制阀方案,在切向和螺旋进气道分别设置旋转阀片进行调节,可以改变涡流比,并经比较研究选出了较优方案。研究结果表明,螺旋进气道在大气门升程下的流通能力优于切向进气道,但小气门升程下切向进气道流通能力较好,且产生涡流能力较强;双进气道由于气流的干涉会导致进气能量的损失,但涡流扭矩有所增加;涡流控制阀能在一定范围内改变进气涡流比,且设置在螺旋气道侧的方案具有更好的变涡流效果,能够保证较好的流通性和较大的涡流比变化范围,满足发动机不同工况对流通性和涡流强度的要求。     

居民全日出行方式选择动态模型研究

为改进现有交通方式选择模型,提高交通方式预测模型精度,基于出行链建立了居民全日出行方式选择动态模型。从居民出行方式选择机理分析入手,确立出行方式选择动态影响因素,在多项Logit模型（MNL模型）的基础上建立了方式选择动态模型。模型中增加了2类动态影响因素,即先前出行方式选择结果对后面出行方式选择的影响和主链的出行方式选择结果对子链出行方式选择的影响。最后以安徽省淮北市为例对模型进行了实例分析。结果表明：所建立的动态模型的优度比和预测准确率较基于单次出行效用的MNL模型有较大提高,变量在模型中的意义符合中国国情,模型可服务于城市交通规划和交通政策制定。     

变截面预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的横梁设计

该文对变截面预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的横梁构造、计算模型,以及配筋设计,结合具体工程实例进行了分析。     

陀螺随机漂移引起的惯导系统误差特性分析

为研究陀螺随机漂移作用下的惯导系统误差发散规律,当陀螺随机漂移为白噪声时,基于静基座下的惯导系统误差方程,得到了惯导系统误差的计算方法。基于白噪声的统计特性,理论推导了惯导误差方差的解析解,并分析了各因素对惯导系统误差的影响。基于理论推导公式,对白噪声作用下的惯导系统误差做了仿真计算。结果表明:在陀螺随机漂移作用下,惯导系统误差与航行纬度有关。方差中包含舒拉、傅科、地球三种周期振荡和非周期项。其中的非周期项与陀螺漂移率的方差成线性关系,同时是时间的斜坡函数;经度误差的方差中,三种周期性振荡受非周期项的调制作用,振荡幅值随时间线性增大。     

随机质点瞬时流谱圆频率及初相位角分布规律

通过对实时量测的173组、154 271个瞬时流速信号进行分析,以随机理论分析为基础,运用运动流体力学、随机信号分析理论等来研究随机质点瞬时流谱的概率模型,对流体质点瞬时流谱中两个关键因素圆频率及初相位角的概率分布规律进行深入研究和探讨,证明了圆频率服从均匀分布,初相位角服从(0,2π)的均匀分布。此研究对后续随机质点概率模型的重构及随机加速度谱及脉动压力谱的推导打下坚实的理论基础。