A robust method for estimating transit passenger trajectories using automated data

Development of an origin-destination demand matrix is crucial for transit planning. The development process is facilitated by automated transit smart card data, making it possible to mine boarding and alighting patterns on an individual basis. This research proposes a novel trip chaining method which uses Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data to infer the most likely trajectory of individual transit passengers. The method relaxes the assumptions on various parameters used in the existing trip chaining algorithms such as transfer walking distance threshold, buffer distance for selecting the boarding location, time window for selecting the vehicle trip, etc. The method also resolves issues related to errors in GPS location recorded by AFC systems or selection of incorrect sub-route from GTFS data. The proposed trip chaining method generates a set of candidate trajectories for each AFC tag to reach the next tag, calculates the probability of each trajectory, and selects the most likely trajectory to infer the boarding and alighting stops. The method is applied to transit data from the Twin Cities, MN, which has an open transit system where passengers tap smart cards only once when boarding (or when alighting on pay-exit buses). Based on the consecutive tags of the passenger, the proposed algorithm is also modified for pay-exit cases. The method is compared to previous methods developed by the researchers and shows improvement in the number of inferred cases. Finally, results are visualized to understand the route ridership and geographical pattern of trips.     

Demand-driven timetable design for metro services

Timetable design is crucial to the metro service reliability. A straightforward and commonly adopted strategy in daily operation is a peak/off-peak-based schedule. However, such a strategy may fail to meet dynamic temporal passenger demand, resulting in long passenger waiting time at platforms and over-crowding in trains. Thanks to the emergence of smart card-based automated fare collection systems, we can now better quantify spatial–temporal demand on a microscopic level. In this paper, we formulate three optimization models to design demand-sensitive timetables by demonstrating train operation using equivalent time (interval). The first model aims at making the timetable more dynamic; the second model is an extension allowing for capacity constraints. The third model aims at designing a capacitated demand-sensitive peak/off-peak timetable. We assessed the performance of these three models and conducted sensitivity analyzes on different parameters on a metro line in Singapore, finding that dynamical timetable built with capacity constraints is most advantageous. Finally, we conclude our study and discuss the implications of the three models: the capacitated model provides a timetable which shows best performance under fixed capacity constraints, while the uncapacitated model may offer optimal temporal train configuration. Although we imposed capacity constraints when designing the optimal peak/off-peak timetable, its performance is not as good as models with dynamical headways. However, it shows advantages such as being easier to operate and more understandable to the passengers.     

机场捷运系统的应用特点及技术创新

阐述了机场捷运系统的功能定位。从服务标准、设计特点、车辆技术、运维模式4方面总结了机场捷运系统的特点及其技术创新点。与传统城市轨道交通线路相比,机场捷运系统在步行距离、站立标准、行车间隔、可靠性等方面有着更高的要求。在进行机场捷运系统设计时,可因地制宜地进行线位和站位布局,设置灵活的运行交路和多样化的站台形式。对机场捷运技术创新点予以总结,对运维模式给予比较和评价。最后对全球范围内机场捷运系统的应用项目进行统计分析,并展望了机场捷运系统在我国的应用前景。     

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智能交通系统是目前国内外公认的解决城市交通拥堵问题的重要途径之一，也是费效比最显著的途径。作为国内城市交通系统最重要组成部分之一的公共交通系统，近年来开始出现了大量智能公共交通系统方面的应用尝试。本文对我国目前城市投入应用的智能公共交通系统（APTS）的应用状况进行了分析，并根据我国当前国情，分析了我国智能公交系统未来可能的应用方向，提出了对智能公共交通系统改进的技术趋势分析。     

适合中国道路的车用催化器快速老化循环研究

首先对催化剂热老化原理进行了理论研究与分析,提出针对具体车用催化器使用条件的台架快速老化循环设计思路,并在试验的基础上开发出适合中国道路条件下的台架快速老化循环。结果表明,开发的老化循环在循环的基本形状上修正一些参数,调整老化时间,能预测每个车型的实车老化。     

基于微波加热的沥青路面坑槽快速再生修补技术研究

为了解决传统坑槽修补过程对旧路面沥青混合料的废弃问题,对坑槽修补技术进行了分类,介绍了热再生混合料配合比设计方法及施工关键技术。实践证明,基于微波加热的坑槽热再生修补技术,克服了传统修补法普遍存在冷接缝、接缝处新旧料粘结薄弱的缺陷,旧料再生利用率高,再生沥青混合料性能满足规范要求,具有施工速度快,可快速开放交通,使用寿面长等优点,具有良好的推广前景。     

Workshop 2: Bus rapid transit as part of enhanced service provision

Workshop 2 focused on the role of BRT as part of enhanced public transport service provision. Discussion topics included case studies around the world; improved performance and operations; and better contracts, institutional settings and enhanced policies. BRT was identified as a vital component of modern public transport systems due to its ability to provide high performance and rapid implementation at a lower cost than comparable rail transit. The participants concluded that on top of improving trunk transit corridors, it is important to look to the first and last kilometers and the connections among transport modes. In addition, it is important to consider all dimensions, not just the technical issues. The workshop identified the desirable ingredients for BRT success, created a table of bus based options for different applications and a list of research topics.     

图解析方式的复合本体映射策略研究

针对本体复杂上下文关系,考虑不同输入模式,构建通用环境下的本体解析图描述。在结合本体结构基础上,建立多层本体结构图描述关系;引入上下文关联的相似度传播建立结构传播因子和实例传播算法;引入快速匹配算法用于本体的快速映射;最终提出一种复合本体映射策略,利用重用迭代得到本体的映射结果。最后通过算法复杂度的分析和一些对比测试证明了策略的可行性和有效性。     

基于多节点射频卡的车辆管理系统研究

射频识别技术是一种先进的自动识别技术,已经被越来越广泛地应用于交通运输和物流领域。通过以Visual Ba-sic 6.0作为开发平台,以SQL Server 2000为后台数据库,实现了INSIDE读卡设备以及DH 3000非接触式射频卡系统等在车辆管理系统中的应用,为车辆管理调度提供了理论和现实依据,从而提高了运输效率。     

铁路特长单线隧道钻爆施工机械配置探讨

本文介绍了在建渝怀铁路最长单线隧道——圆梁山隧道的施工机械配置情况，阐明了采用常规施工方法(全断面法或下导坑法)及配置国产设备亦能实现铁路特长单线隧道掘进速度的稳产和高产，论述了施工机械设备的良好配置是确保持长隧道快速掘进的关键所在，同时对今后我国特长单线隧道的机械配置提出几点建议。