燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性影响的研究

利用异辛烷与正庚烷配比不同辛烷值燃料,在快速压缩机上进行可控自燃(CAI)燃烧试验,研究了不同边界条件下燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明,在其他边界条件不变的情况下,随着燃料辛烷值的增加,最大压力升高率降低,最大压力升高率出现时刻延迟,燃烧温度开始迅速上升的时刻延迟,燃烧温度的最大值减小,燃烧始点延迟,燃烧持续期延长。     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.     

水泥混凝土路面的病害及养护新技术

通过论述水泥混凝土路面的病害种类和原因,提出水泥混凝土路面板的一系列养护新技术,可更好地指导实践。     

建设北京BRT系统,构建可持续发展的城市交通模式

北京南中轴快速公交是中国首条BRT系统,因其运量大、速度快,安全可靠、准点舒适、绿色环保等特点对北京南部地区的交通起到了重要作用。该文详细介绍了北京南中轴BRT快速公交从线路布局、专用车道、车站及换乘、车辆、收费系统和路口公交优先等方面进行的特殊设计,并阐述了该BRT系统建成后相关的调查结果,调查结果表明,快速公交这种新颖的公交运输模式是符合国内经济发展形势的,已经被人们所接受。     

斜拉桥快速换索施工技术

重庆涪陵长江大桥1997年5月通车,运营15年后斜拉索出现病害,为最大程度地减小对交通的影响,需对全桥斜拉索进行快速更换。新斜拉索采用标准强度1770 M Pa、直径7 mm的平行钢丝索,规格与原斜拉索相同,并采用冷铸锚成品索,锚具体系的尺寸规格也与原锚具保持一致。为加快施工进度,专门研制具备快速和大行程特点的张拉设备。根据无应力状态法,斜拉索更换顺序制定为塔内从下往上更换,塔下的N27号飘浮索最后更换,换索施工工序为：旧索放张→旧索拆除→新索架设与张拉→全桥调索。     

个人快速交通技术发展现状与应用展望

个人快速交通将进入商业化运营.对个人快速交通的发展历程、类型与技术经济特征进行了较为系统的论述.依据其目前实施情况,给出了可能的应用方向.个人快速交通较适合在下列场合使用:特定场所(如机场、高档开发区等),都市繁华区域短距离联系,市郊有较高活力的区域.为我国城市交通选型提供借鉴.     

水泥砼路面错台快速修补材料的研究

采用正交设计的方法对快硬硫铝酸盐水泥和聚合物丁苯乳液进行配合比试验,确定出最佳水泥砼配合比,通过路用性能对比试验和耐久性对比试验表明,这种有机、无机多相复合的新型道路水泥砼能有效的弥补普通砼的缺点,具有优良的力学和路用性能:早期强度高,养护12 h即可开放交通,干缩小,耐久性能好,与旧路面之间层间黏结强度高,并且在错台高度仅为0.6 cm时,模拟错台修补效果很好,没有出现脱落和开裂.     

市域快速轨道交通信号制式的选择

时速在100～160 km/h之间的市域快速轨道交通是缓解城区中心交通压力、服务郊区居民出行的重要手段.通过了解国内类似项目的应用实例,对目前几种常用信号制式的主要配置方案、工作原理及系统特点进行分析总结.着重分析了在快速等级下,这些信号制式各自的适应性和可能存在的问题.针对市域快速轨道交通项目线路站间距大、运营间隔长等特点,推荐采用基于计轴和可变应答器的点式列车自动控制系统.     

快捷货车车轮辐板疲劳强度研究

基于结构有限元法,分别按欧洲铁路和日本铁路提出的车轮机械设计载荷和载荷工况,对快捷货车车轮辐板的疲劳强度进行分析。计算结果表明车轮辐板疲劳性能满足无限寿命设计准则要求,其疲劳薄弱区域位于辐板内侧面与轮毂圆弧过渡部位。     

Comparing operator and users costs of light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit over a radial public transport network

A model to compare three alternative forms of public transport - light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit - is developed for an urban network with radial lines emanating from the borders to the city centre. The theoretical framework assumes an operation aimed at minimising the total cost associated with public transport service provision, which encompasses both operator and users costs. The decision variables are the number of lines (network density) and the frequency per period for each mode. This approach has no prejudices a priori in respect of whether a specified delivery scenario is aligned with existing modal reputation. Rather, we establish the conditions under which a specific transit mode should be preferred to another in terms of the operator (supply) and user (demand) side offerings. The model is applied using data from Australian cities, suggesting that in most of the scenarios analysed a high standard bus service is the most cost-effective mode, because it provides lower operator costs (infrastructure, rolling stock and operating cost), access time costs (due to a larger number of lines) and waiting time cost (due to larger frequencies of operation). A rail mode, such as light rail or heavy rail, may have a lower total cost only if it is able to run faster than bus rapid transit, and the difference in speed is enough to outweigh the bus advantage on operator cost and access and waiting times.