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991.
Jiang et al. (Jiang, Y.Q., Wong, S.C., Ho, H.W., Zhang, P., Liu, R.X., Sumalee, A., 2011. A dynamic traffic assignment model for a continuum transportation system. Transportation Research Part B 45 (2), 343–363) proposed a predictive continuum dynamic user-optimaDUO-l to investigate the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow and the corresponding route-choice behavior of travelers. Their modeled region is a dense urban city that is arbitrary in shape and has a single central business district (CBD). However, we argue that the model is not well posed due to an inconsistency in the route-choice strategy under certain conditions. To overcome this inconsistency, we revisit the PDUO-C problem, and construct an improved path-choice strategy. The improved model consists of a conservation law to govern the density, in which the flow direction is determined by the improved path-choice strategy, and a Hamilton–Jacobi equation to compute the total travel cost. The simultaneous satisfaction of both equations can be treated as a fixed-point problem. A self-adaptive method of successive averages (MSA) is proposed to solve this fixed-point problem. This method can automatically determine the optimal MSA step size using the least squares approach. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and the solution algorithm. 相似文献
992.
Abstract Many urban university campuses are considered major trip attractors. Considering the multimodal and complex nature of university campus transportation planning and operation, this paper proposes a dynamic traffic simulation and assignment analysis approach and demonstrates how such a methodology can be successfully applied. Central to the research is the estimation of trip origin–destinations and the calibration of a parking lot choice model. Dynamic simulation is utilized to simulate multiple modes of transportation within the transportation network while further assigning these modes with respect to various mode-specific roadway accessibilities. A multiple vehicle-class simulation analysis for planning purposes becomes a critical capability to predict how faculty and staff who once parked within the campus core choose other nearby alternate parking lots. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in providing integrated and reliable solutions for challenging questions that face urban university campus planners and local transportation jurisdictions. 相似文献
993.
Robert U. Ayres 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(2):107-113
This paper is addressed to the question of social costs and social benefits (primarily environmental) which might derive from a large‐scale substitution of so‐called mass‐transit for the present, largely private, system of automotive transportation. Energy consumption and emissions are compared for the two basic alternatives and several variants. Varying degrees of physiological tolerance to pollutants are taken into account, in an attempt to develop comparable weight‐factors for different types of emissions. It is suggested that if automobiles succeed in meeting the 1975/76 emission standards set by the Clean Air Act of 1970, rail rapid transit will probably offer no advantage (in environmental terms) unless electric power is available from virtually non‐polluting sources (e.g., natural gas or nuclear plants). Economic implications of large‐scale substitution are examined, and it is noted that such substitution would involve major restructuring of our society as a whole. However, more intensive use of mass transit in central cities, possibly in conjunction with various measures to discourage the use of private automobiles in very congested areas is feasible and likely. 相似文献
994.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to model route choice behaviour in a tolled road network with a bi-objective approach, assuming that all users have two objectives: (1) minimise travel time; and (2) minimise toll cost. We assume further that users have different preferences in the sense that for any given path with a specific toll, there is a limit on the time that an individual would be willing to spend. Different users can have different preferences represented by this indifference curve between toll and time. Time surplus is defined as the maximum time minus the actual time. Given a set of paths, the one with the highest (or least negative) time surplus will be the preferred path for the individual. This will result in a bi-objective equilibrium solution satisfying the time surplus maximisation bi-objective user equilibrium (TSmaxBUE) condition. That is, for each O–D pair, all individuals are travelling on the path with the highest time surplus value among all the efficient paths between this O–D pair.We show that the TSmaxBUE condition is a proper generalisation of user equilibrium with generalised cost function, and that it is equivalent to bi-objective user equilibrium. We also present a multi-user class version of the TSmaxBUE condition and demonstrate our concepts with illustrative examples. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(2):236-250
The design of mechatronic systems of rail vehicles requires performing verification and validation in the real-time mode. One useful validation instrument is the application of software-in-the-loop, hardware-in-the-loop or processor-in-the-loop simulation approaches. All of these approaches require development of a real-time model of the physical system. In this paper, the investigation of the usage of the model of the locomotive's bogie test rig created in Gensys multibody software has been performed and the calculation time for each time step has been analysed. The verification of the possibility of the usage of such an approach for real-time simulation has been made by means of a simple data transferring process between Gensys and Simulink through the TCP/IP interface. The limitations and further development issues for the proposed approach have been discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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为了研究由于交通控制设备资源有限,只有部分节点受到控制时交通流在路网上的分配,讨论了交通分配的一般准则和方法,并通过对出行者在控制节点和未控制节点的路径选择行为的假设,建立了混合交通配流模型。模型的最优状态为,出行者在未控制节点处都是选择从该节点到达终点路段综合费用最小的路段,而在控制节点处完全服从控制策略的引导选择路径。研究表明,当所有节点都被控制时,模型等价于SO模型;当所有节点都不受控制时,模型等价于UE模型。用一个简单的路网进行算例分析,说明了模型的可行性和合理性。 相似文献