基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

正交异性组合桥面构造优化

正交异性组合桥面由于其较好的抗疲劳性能和静力承载能力、相对较轻的自重近年来在实际工程中得到较多应用。正交异性组合桥面通常由正交异性钢板和混凝土层组成,在加入混凝土层后结构刚度发生较大变化,若正交异性板仍采用传统正交异性钢桥面的构造形式将会造成不必要的钢材用量和焊接量增加。采用遗传算法,以单位面积造价最小为目标,结合现有规范考虑了构造约束和承载能力约束两类约束条件,采用两种应力控制方案,对不同桥面板跨度和混凝土厚度的正交异性组合桥面的构造进行优化。同时解决了构造改变导致荷载分配改变对承载能力分析造成的影响。优化结果表明,桥面跨度4.5m时,与未优化组合桥面相比,优化方案用钢量可降低1.7%~10.1%,焊接量可降低16.5%~31.8%。     

含软弱土层边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术

提出了一种用于边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术,首先采用三角网格进行了边坡土层的几何离散,然后,结合蒙特卡洛法等角/等边逐段扫描与模拟退火法,构建了全套的边坡全局临界滑面搜索扫描算法。以Fortran和Matlab为计算手段进行联合编程,采用简明Morgenstern-Price法进行了边坡稳定性分析计算。通过选用3个算例进行了算法的可靠性验证,计算结果表明:截面三角网格划分方法具有良好的适应性,能较好地对不规则层位几何形状进行离散;多段折线滑面具有较圆弧滑面更为优秀的极限滑面定位功能,其安全系数随着滑面段数的增加会逐步达到收敛;本搜索方法可不依赖于工程师经验进行多段折线初始滑面的大致范围选择,其能快速地、全自动地进行由弱到强不同复杂土质情况的边坡稳定性计算分析,并能找到全局临界滑面与安全系数。     

基于FPGA的里程轮信号优选算法设计

文中通过对里程信号产生机理进行分析,提出了一种基于FPGA架构的里程优选算法,给出了实现算法的硬件架构图,并设计相应硬件电路和模拟实验。结果表明:该算法可以对3个里程轮脉冲信号进行优选采集,当里程轮处于超速或者停转状态时也能输出正确的脉冲信号。     

航班快速恢复建模与仿真研究

随着民用航空的发展与竞争,航班延误不仅影响航空飞行的安全与正常,更与航空公司的运营效率、运营成本及乘客利益息息相关。针对某一恶劣天气影响,对某公司受影响航班进行重新调配,考虑到航班的备降、盘旋等待、延误、取消等多种状态,以总成本最小为目标函数,建立航班快速恢复模型,通过MATLAB运用遗传算法设计航班恢复算法进行求解,得出最经济的航班恢复方案。     

云南省民航客运发展预测

民航运输是云南省在进行综合交通运输建设的重点之一,也是该省在未来十四五(2021-2025年)和十五五(2026-2030年)规划期间的研究热点。本文以云南省为研究范围,以省内民航客运为研究对象,选取省内主要的社会经济因素为影响因子,运用主成分分析法(PCA)、反向传播神经网络算法(BP神经网络算法)和回归分析法,构建了省内民航客运的预测模型,得出省内各主要机场在十四五末和十五五末的预计旅客吞吐量,对省政府在进行机场改扩建上有一定的指导意义。     

Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

Modification of the Highway Capacity Manual two‐lane highway analysis procedure for Spanish conditions

The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. The effect of passing manoeuvre on two‐lane highway operational performance is considered through adjustment factors to average travel speeds and percent time spent following. The procedure is largely based on simulations in TWOPAS and passing behaviours observed during US calibrations in the 1970s. It is not clear whether US driving behaviour and vehicles' performance are comparable with Spanish conditions. The objective of this research is to adapt the HCM 2010 methodology to Spanish driver behaviour, for base conditions (i.e. no passing restrictions). To do so, TWOPAS was calibrated and validated based on current Spanish passing field data. The calibration used a genetic algorithm. The case study included an ideal two‐lane highway with varying directional traffic flow rate, directional split and percentage of trucks. The updated methodology for base conditions is simpler than the current HCM 2010 and does not rely on interpolation from tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速公路场景下的电子稳像技术研究

为了去除高速公路监控视频中自身位置不稳定的事物给全局运动矢量估计带来误差,先通过Canny算子检测图像中的直线,并根据车道边界的特征筛选出道路边界,确定道路区域。再检测道路区域内的Harris角点信息,并与背景图中道路区域内的角点位置进行匹配,从而得到全局运动矢量,并计算出稳定的图像。实验表明,该算法能够满足高速公路场景下的稳像需求。