浅谈如何降低车载空调返修率

针对部分车载空调经过维修后会出现故障返修概率高现象,笔者以经验结合部分相关理论,浅谈如何降低故障返修率的心得。     

铁路网重空车流径路整体优化模型

基于我国铁路车流径路呈树形结构的特点,将分车种的空车调配纳入车流径路的优化体系,同时在满足点线能力限制的前提下,以重空车流整体走行费用最小为目标,构建了车流运行径路的优化模型,并在此基础上,考虑到空车调配过程中的车种代用因素,对模型进行扩展,描述了铁路网重空车流的分配方案．最后,以我国东北部分区域路网为案例背景,通过优化求解,获得了满意的车流径路方案和空车调配轮廓方案,从而验证了模型的合理性和有效性．     

Forecasting telecommuting

Transportation planners increasingly recognize telecommuting as an important trend. But while they often advocate telecommuting as a transportation demand management strategy, transportation planners have made little progress toward incorporating telecommuting into transportation forecasts, at least partly because of the limited data available. In this paper we explore four alternative methodologies for forecasting telecommuting and discuss the kinds of data that must be collected before these methodologies can be applied. The first approach is trend extrapolation, using curves of technological substitution. Sufficient data are currently available to produce forecasts, albeit highly uncertain forecasts, using this approach. However, even with better data this approach does not address underlying factors and trends that will affect the future of telecommuting. As a result, we explore three additional approaches that should produce more reliable forecasts but which require new data and knowledge about telecommuting: analyzing the characteristics of telecommuters in contrast to nontelecommuters, analyzing factors affecting the individual choice to telecommute, and incorporating telecommuting into traditional transportation forecasting models.     

MARINFLOC舱底污水处理系统性能分析

油水分离器处理船舶舱底含油污水存在缺陷，Marinfloc Bilge Water Cleaning System可以解决这一问题。本文分析了Marinfloe Bilge Water Cleaning System处理含油舱底污水的机理，介绍了系统的构成和工作性能，对日常维护保养和常见故障排除提出了解决的措施。并预言这种系统将会取代现有的油水分离器。     

Experimental study on performance of automotive air conditioning system using R-152a refrigerant

Recently, as climate changes have manifested worldwide, every country is making efforts to prevent ozone depletion and global warming. In the automotive industry, R-134a refrigerant is widely used in air conditioning systems because it has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). Unfortunately, its global warming potential (GWP) is high. Therefore, alternative refrigerants are needed as a replacement for R-134a. R-152a is considered to be one of the better alternative refrigerants due to zero ODP and low GWP. In this paper, the performance of an automotive air conditioning system using R-134a and one using R-152a are compared experimentally at the bench level. The experimental apparatus simulated a real automotive air conditioning system consisting of a cabin and engine room structure. The cooling capacity, condensing capacity, coefficient of performance (COP) and power consumption characteristics of the automotive air conditioning system are evaluated by changing the air velocity entering the condenser and the compressor rotation speed with the optimized refrigerant charge amount. Also, the performance of the R-152a system was investigated by changing the thermostatic expansion valve which is set of values. The results of this study show that the R-152a system is slightly better than the R-134a system, not only under driving conditions but also under idling condition. R-152a refrigerant thus shows promise as an alternative refrigerant to replace the current standard, R-134a, in automotive air conditioning systems.     

物流业发展要素的替代弹性

为提升物流产业发展要素的替代组合效能,从技术进步偏向性视角入手,研究了物流产业劳动力要素与资本要素间的要素替代弹性。基于可变替代弹性（Variable Elasticity of Substitution, VES）生产函数的要素替代演变模型,识别出物流发展要素的替代弹性和发展过程中的偏向性和替代组合效应。结果表明,物流业的要素替代弹性与本行业增长率呈显著正相关性,资本要素对劳动力要素具有较强的替代性;替代弹性能反映出劳动力价格要素的偏态特征;资本优势推动着物流产业的不断更迭进步,有助于提高物流资源的整合;资本要素、劳动力要素和科学技术要素限制了物流业的创新发展效能;物流产业发展要素替代性促进了物流业专业化进程;资本要素对物流业的发展推动作用较大。研究认为,把握资本要素的替代弹性效应,是形成物流贸易市场高质量发展的关键所在。     

Measuring the performance of airport resilience to severe weather events

The increased severe weather events in recent years as a result of global climate change has created a substantial challenge for aviation system operation. Although transportation engineers and planners have attempted to improve system resilience through the adaptation of new technologies and the implementation of various strategies to achieve effective risk management, it remains unclear how resilience performance (measured by the speed of recovery) of airports varies in different severe weather events and what factors may explain such variations. This paper addresses these fundamental questions using the aviation system in China as an example. A resilience metric, which reflects the speed of recovery (bounce back) from a shock, was developed to measure the performance of airport resilience under various severe weather conditions. In addition, an empirical econometric analysis was conducted based on a dataset that includes both detailed aviation performance and weather conditions for the period of October 2016 – September 2017. The research findings show that airport resilience to severe weather events does vary substantially based on factors, such as weather conditions, airport capacity, and the level of modal substitution. In particular, the recovery time of air services in central and south China tends to be relatively longer in thunderstorms than other weather conditions. The study also confirms that modal substitution is a very effective resilience tactic of the transportation system as the recovery speed of air service was found to be faster by 22.9% if an alternative mode, such as high-speed rail (HSR) service was also available in the city.     

引进外资的动因与结果:对中国工业化的反思

本文从中国经济增长两个阶段的不同特点入手,分析了20世纪90年代中期以后中国大量引进外资的深层次原因。采用制造业增加值占GDP的比重作为衡量中国工业化进展程度的指标对整个90年代中国工业化的进程进行了实证分析,结果发现,中国的工业化从90年代中期以来实际上长期处于停滞不前的状态。大量引进外资导致中国工业化过程中存在两个明显的“替代效应”,一是“外资替代效应”,二是“弱质替代强质”现象。两个“替代效应”对中国工业化和经济结构变化的深刻影响值得反思。     

强夯在石黄高速公路衡水支线中的施工

实践证明,在石黄高速公路衡水支线的工程施工中采用强夯法对构造物及两侧回填的地基进行加固处理,效果良好,值得推广使用.