Open registry tanker operations: a comparative cost analysis

The pull of economic gravity on traditional tanker operators towards open registries has been caused primarily by the need to be cost‐competitive in a market which itself is competitive. By using transcendental logarithmic cost functions to model the cost structures of open and traditional tanker operations, this study highlights the general structure of the production technology of tanker services, the cost differentials between the two flag groupings and provides insights into the comparative statics effects of their production functions in the form of elasticities of factor substitution and demand, and scale economies.     

引进外资的动因与结果:对中国工业化的反思

本文从中国经济增长两个阶段的不同特点入手,分析了20世纪90年代中期以后中国大量引进外资的深层次原因。采用制造业增加值占GDP的比重作为衡量中国工业化进展程度的指标对整个90年代中国工业化的进程进行了实证分析,结果发现,中国的工业化从90年代中期以来实际上长期处于停滞不前的状态。大量引进外资导致中国工业化过程中存在两个明显的“替代效应”,一是“外资替代效应”,二是“弱质替代强质”现象。两个“替代效应”对中国工业化和经济结构变化的深刻影响值得反思。     

强夯在石黄高速公路衡水支线中的施工

实践证明,在石黄高速公路衡水支线的工程施工中采用强夯法对构造物及两侧回填的地基进行加固处理,效果良好,值得推广使用.     

深圳地铁空调变频式多联机系统的节能分析

深圳地铁二期工程(地铁1号线延长段,地铁2号线、5号线)在小系统(设备管理用房)中加装变频式多联机系统,在晚间停运后,关闭大系统、水系统,对需要供冷的设备管理用房采用变频式多联机直接供冷.以深圳地铁1号线延长段的高新园站为例,通过计算分析比较运营结束后用冷水机组系统供冷和用变频式多联机系统供冷两种方式的能耗.结果表明,...     

Applying a semantic information Petri Net modeling method to AUV systems design

This paper informally introduces colored object-oriented Petri Nets(COOPN) with the application of the AUV system. According to the characteristic of the AUV system's running environment,the object-oriented method is used in this paper not only to dispart system modules but also construct the refined running model of AUV system,then the colored Petri Net method is used to establish hierarchically detailed model in order to get the performance analyzing information of the system. After analyzing the model implementation,the errors of architecture designing and function realization can be found. If the errors can be modified on time,the experiment time in the pool can be reduced and the cost can be saved.     

挤压镁合金汽车仪表板横梁骨架的设计与分析

为实现汽车轻量化,对钢制仪表板横梁骨架总成进行了镁合金替代设计。依据制造工艺将镁合金仪表板横梁骨架按挤压件和冲压件分别设计,并确定了镁合金材料及连接工艺;建立镁合金仪表板横梁骨架总成的有限元模型,进行模态对比分析和碰撞侵入量分析;建立仪表板横梁管材的弯曲仿真模型,模拟管坯的弯曲成形。结果表明镁合金替代设计满足仪表板横梁的轻量化、整体模态、碰撞安全以及可制造性的要求。     

Is telecommuting cheaper than travel? An examination of interaction costs in a business setting

This paper presents an analysis of telecommunications and travel costs for typical business meetings. It is contribution to the debate on the substitutability of telecommunications for travel. An underlying assumption which supports the substitution hypothesis is that the cost of traversing distance through the use of telecommunication is lower than the cost of travelling.This paper addresses the relative cost of telecommunications and travel in conducting interactions. Three factors are assumed to determine these costs: distance, duration of interaction and number of participants. The analysis assumes that cost alone affects choice, and ignores other communication qualities.The relationship between telecommunication and travel costs was tested quantitatively through a case study of typical business meetings in the U.S., based on data from 1988. The results show that travel costs are lower than telecommunication costs for shorter distances, and that the relationship between telecommunications and travel costs differs substantially as a function of number of participants and meeting duration. Because of ongoing rapid changes in the costs of both of these interaction modes, the complex competition between them will continue. The implications of the findings for location decisions and policy-making are discussed.     

高铁开通后出行方式替代与诱发交通需求实证总结

自高速铁路(High-speed Rail,HSR,以下简称"高铁")开始运营以来,尽管已历经近50年的发展并且在全球范围内拥有17 166 km里程,但是对于高铁需求量的本质仍然所知甚少。诸多信息表明,全球高铁建设项目在期望可达性、经济及环境效益以及对高铁预测需求量相对匮乏的跟踪记录方面存在明显的空白。针对出行方式替代与诱发交通需求的影响,本文旨在填补高铁开通后需求方面的空白,从而助力未来的高铁系统规划研究过程。目前在高铁需求方面没有足够的实证,并且现有实证严重受到线路具体特征影响,尽管存在方法的局限,但是呈现出的实证可促使高铁成为一种性能更优的交通工具。研究表明,在高铁运营后的最初几年,只有10%~20%的需求量是诱发交通需求,其余均来自于出行方式替代。在多数情况下,大部分高铁乘客之前使用传统铁路出行,从航空、小汽车以及长途客车转移至高铁的乘客量比例较低。     

Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.